JMU HTH 100 Exam 3 Study Guide 2026–2027 | Updated Practice Questions

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JMU HTH 100 Exam 3 (NEW UPDATED VERSION) LATEST ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS) | GUARANTEED PASS A+ [2026]


diabetes mellitus - CORRECT ANSWER a group of diseases characterized by elevated
blood glucose levels

QUESTION : hyperglycema - CORRECT ANSWER high blood glucose levels

QUESTION : pancreas - CORRECT ANSWER - organ located just beneath the
stomach
- generates signal to transport glucose

QUESTION : insulin - CORRECT ANSWER A hormone produced by the pancreas or
taken as a medication by many diabetics

QUESTION : type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes) - CORRECT ANSWER -
more serious and less prevalent form of diabetes
- autoimmune disease where the individuals immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-
making cells

QUESTION : type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes) - CORRECT ANSWER
- 90 to 95% of all cases
- involves insulin resistance

QUESTION : insulin resistance - CORRECT ANSWER panreas doesn't make sufficient
insulin or body cells resist its effects

QUESTION : development of type 2 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - the
overabundance of free fatty acids contributes to insulin resistance.
- as the progression to type 2 diabetes continues, pancreatic insulin-producing cells become
exhausted from overwork, and damage occurs.
- genetics and lifestyle play a role

QUESTION : nonmodifiable risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER - age
- ethnicity
- family history
- genetics and biological factors




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QUESTION : modifiable risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER - body weight
- dietary choices
- level of physical activity
- sleep patterns
- stress level
- BMI of 25 or higher
- central adiposity is a significant risk factor for older women and younger adults

QUESTION : prediabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - a condition in which the blood sugar
level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes
- without weight loss, increases in physical activity, and healthy dietary changes it can turn
into T2D
- affects 37% of adult population

QUESTION : gestational diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - a state of high blood
glucose levels during pregnancy
- 50% of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes can progress to T2D without lifestyle
changes
- increased risk of birth complications
- fetus is endangered: malformations in the heart, nervous system, and bones; respiratory
distress; excessive growth that leads to trauma

QUESTION : symptoms of diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - thirst
- excessive urination
- increased hunger
- weight loss
- fatigue
- nerve damage
- poor wound healing and increased infections

QUESTION : complications of diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - diabetic coma: a coma
from high blood acidity known as diabetic ketoacidosis when body cells break down stored fat
for energy
- cardiovascular disease
- kidney disease
- amputations
- eye disease and blindness
- infectious disease
- tooth and gum diseases
- diabetic neuropathy: extremely painful and causes difficulties driving, walking, and other
activities

QUESTION : diagnosing diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - fasting plasma glucose test


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- oral glucose tolerance test
- hemoglobin A1c

QUESTION : estimated average glucose (eAG) - CORRECT ANSWER shows how A1C
numbers correspond to blood glucose numbers

QUESTION : preventing and treating diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - lifestyle
changes
- losing weight
- adopting a healthy diet: low-fat dairy, nuts, whole grains, high-fiber foods, fatty fish
- increasing physical fitness
- medical interventions
- oral medications
- weight loss surgery
- insulin injections

QUESTION : pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER disease causing agents found in air and
food

QUESTION : epidemic - CORRECT ANSWER disease outbreak that affects many
people in a community or region

QUESTION : pandemic - CORRECT ANSWER global epidemic of a disease

QUESTION : endemic - CORRECT ANSWER always present to some degree

QUESTION : virulent - CORRECT ANSWER a pathogen that is strong enough to
overcome host resistance and cause disease

QUESTION : immunocompromised - CORRECT ANSWER immune system is impaired

QUESTION : epidemiological triad of disease - CORRECT ANSWER 1. come in
contact with pathogen
2. host must be susceptible: opportunistic, immunocompromise, comorbidities
3. environment must be favorable

QUESTION : autoinoculate - CORRECT ANSWER transmit a pathogen from one part
of your body to another part

QUESTION : animal-borne (zoonotic) - CORRECT ANSWER infections are spread by
domestic and wild animals



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QUESTION : interspecies transmission - CORRECT ANSWER Transmission of disease
from humans to animals or from animals to humans.

QUESTION : immunity - CORRECT ANSWER a condition of being able to resist a
particular disease by counteracting the substance that produces the disease

QUESTION : antigen - CORRECT ANSWER any substance that triggers an immune
response

QUESTION : antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER - designed to destory or weaken the
antigen

QUESTION : humoral immunity - CORRECT ANSWER the body's major defense
against many bacteria and the toxins they produce

QUESTION : toxins - CORRECT ANSWER poisonous or harmful substances

QUESTION : cell-mediated immunity - CORRECT ANSWER specialized white blood
cells called lymphocyte that attack and destroy the foreign invader

QUESTION : lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - found in blood, lymph nodes, bone
marrow
- B and T lymphocytes

QUESTION : macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER A type of cell that eats white blood
cell

QUESTION : microbiome - CORRECT ANSWER the community of naturally occuring
bacteria in and on the body

QUESTION : autoimmune disease - CORRECT ANSWER - immune system targets its
own tissue
- auto means "self"

QUESTION : body's inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER - four cardinal signs
of inflammation are redness, swelling, pain, and heat
- stimulates more white blood cell production

QUESTION : fever - CORRECT ANSWER - body temp above the average norm of
98.6*F
- caused by toxins secreted by pathogens that interfere with the control of body temperature



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