NSG 3480 Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b6z6e7
1. Epidemiology: the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in human population
2. Three Elements of the Epidemiological Triangle: - Agent: actual cause of disease
- Host: carrier of disease
- Environment: any outside factors
3. Use of Epidemiology in Disease Control and Prevention: PERSON: "Who" factors, such
as demographic characteristics, health, and disease status
PLACE: "Where" factors, such as geographic (data) location, climate and environmental conditions, and political and
social environment
TIME: "When" factors, such as time of day, week, or month and secular trends over months and years
4. Wheel Model of Epidemiology: The wheel model stresses the multiplicity of host and environmental
interactions have developed and understanding of disease has progressed.
5. Which is better the triangle or the wheel?: The Wheel Model subscribes to multiple-causation
disease theory; therefore, it is MORE USEFUL for analyzing complex chronic conditions and identifying factors that are
amendable to nursing intervention.
6. Web of Causation Model: In essence, the web of causation model is better at showing the relationships
among variables.
7. Incidence rates: describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in a community
8. Prevalence rate: is the number of all cases of a speci�c disease or condition in a population at a given point
in time
9. Meaningful Comparisons: The community nurse compares data with rates from other cities, counties,
districts, or states; from the nation; and from previous records.
*SHOWS TRENDS*
10. Risk: probability of an adverse event
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11. Risk factor: any action or condition that increases the likelihood of injury, disease, or other negative outcome
12. Descriptive Epidemiology: - Focuses on the amount and distribution of health and health problems
within a population
- The purpose is to describe the characteristics of both people who are protected from disease and those who have a
disease.
13. Analytic Epidemiology: investigates the causes of disease by determining why a disease rate is lower in
one population group than in another.
14. Observational Research Study: discover the etiology of disease
15. Cross-sectional studies (Observational): sometimes called prevalence or correlational studies,
examine relationships between potential causal factors and disease at a speci�c time.
16. Retrospective studies (Observational): compare individuals with a particular condition or dis-
ease and those who do not have the disease. Data collection extends back in time to determine previous exposure or
risk factors.
17. Prospective studies (Observational): monitor a group of disease-free individuals to determine
whether and when disease occurs.
18. Experimental Research Study: test treatment and prevention strategies.
Experimental - receives intervention
Control - received placebo
19. World Health Organization (WHO): primary role is to direct and coordinate international health
e orts, disseminate global health stands and guidelines, and help countries address public health concerns within the
United Nations system
20. Pan American Health Organization (PAHO): to improve the health and living standards of the
Americas.
21. United Nations: seek to re ect world opinion and the moral authority of the community of nations
22. UNICEF: to address the needs of children and women throughout the world
23. World Bank: to improve the health status of individuals living in area that lack economic development.
24. Centers for Disease Control (CDC): to protect the health and safety of all Americans and for
providing essential human services. The CDC was founded in 1946 to help control malaria
25. E�ects of Large Population: Malnutrition, famine, disease, overcrowding, pollution, stress, violence,
death
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b6z6e7
1. Epidemiology: the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in human population
2. Three Elements of the Epidemiological Triangle: - Agent: actual cause of disease
- Host: carrier of disease
- Environment: any outside factors
3. Use of Epidemiology in Disease Control and Prevention: PERSON: "Who" factors, such
as demographic characteristics, health, and disease status
PLACE: "Where" factors, such as geographic (data) location, climate and environmental conditions, and political and
social environment
TIME: "When" factors, such as time of day, week, or month and secular trends over months and years
4. Wheel Model of Epidemiology: The wheel model stresses the multiplicity of host and environmental
interactions have developed and understanding of disease has progressed.
5. Which is better the triangle or the wheel?: The Wheel Model subscribes to multiple-causation
disease theory; therefore, it is MORE USEFUL for analyzing complex chronic conditions and identifying factors that are
amendable to nursing intervention.
6. Web of Causation Model: In essence, the web of causation model is better at showing the relationships
among variables.
7. Incidence rates: describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in a community
8. Prevalence rate: is the number of all cases of a speci�c disease or condition in a population at a given point
in time
9. Meaningful Comparisons: The community nurse compares data with rates from other cities, counties,
districts, or states; from the nation; and from previous records.
*SHOWS TRENDS*
10. Risk: probability of an adverse event
1/6
, NSG 3480 Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b6z6e7
11. Risk factor: any action or condition that increases the likelihood of injury, disease, or other negative outcome
12. Descriptive Epidemiology: - Focuses on the amount and distribution of health and health problems
within a population
- The purpose is to describe the characteristics of both people who are protected from disease and those who have a
disease.
13. Analytic Epidemiology: investigates the causes of disease by determining why a disease rate is lower in
one population group than in another.
14. Observational Research Study: discover the etiology of disease
15. Cross-sectional studies (Observational): sometimes called prevalence or correlational studies,
examine relationships between potential causal factors and disease at a speci�c time.
16. Retrospective studies (Observational): compare individuals with a particular condition or dis-
ease and those who do not have the disease. Data collection extends back in time to determine previous exposure or
risk factors.
17. Prospective studies (Observational): monitor a group of disease-free individuals to determine
whether and when disease occurs.
18. Experimental Research Study: test treatment and prevention strategies.
Experimental - receives intervention
Control - received placebo
19. World Health Organization (WHO): primary role is to direct and coordinate international health
e orts, disseminate global health stands and guidelines, and help countries address public health concerns within the
United Nations system
20. Pan American Health Organization (PAHO): to improve the health and living standards of the
Americas.
21. United Nations: seek to re ect world opinion and the moral authority of the community of nations
22. UNICEF: to address the needs of children and women throughout the world
23. World Bank: to improve the health status of individuals living in area that lack economic development.
24. Centers for Disease Control (CDC): to protect the health and safety of all Americans and for
providing essential human services. The CDC was founded in 1946 to help control malaria
25. E�ects of Large Population: Malnutrition, famine, disease, overcrowding, pollution, stress, violence,
death
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