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Ontological Argument – Year 12 Philosophy & Ethics (A Level) – Comprehensive Lecture Summary

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This document provides a clear and structured summary of the Ontological Argument as introduced in a Year 12 Philosophy & Ethics lesson. It covers the background of St Anselm, the meaning of a priori reasoning, and both the first and second forms of Anselm’s argument. The content explains each premise step-by-step and highlights the distinction between the two versions of the argument. This summary is suitable for exam preparation and revision of key philosophical concepts.

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Ontological Argument
Argument based on reason, ‘a priori’ rather than ‘a posteriori’
- An ‘a priori’ is not argument based on sense experience which are
based on things we can observe ‘out there’ in the world
It is known to be independent of experience.
Attempts to prove God’s existence through the meaning of the
word ‘God’

, St Anselm: Background
• Proslogium (1077-1078) Prayer
• 11th century Christian monk, Archbishop of Canterbury
• ‘Faith seeking understanding’
• Have faith first before you look ‘out there’ in the world
• Addresses to everyone; everyone can be persuaded that God exists
and essentially that is the aim of the argument he puts forward.
• Reason alone before sensory experience/ evidence

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