Micro Test 1 Keiser Questions and Answers

Micro Test 1 Keiser Questions and Answers Where are microorganisms found? everywhere. Primonal soup hypothesis rna orignal molecule of life panspermia hypothesis comets brought water and microorganisms to the planet robert hooke coined the term cell antionie van leeuwenhook dutch linen merchant discovered microbes joseph lister aseptic technique used phenol louis Pasteur developed pasteurization spontaneous generation belief that living things arise from decomposing matter Pasteur experiment shut door on spontaneous generation how? swan neck flask What did koch pustules say that microorganisms caused disease bio remediation using microorganisms to detotify envioroment What bio element is usually limited nutrient phosphorus prokaryotes bacteria eukaryotes archaea least amount of pathogens small eukarya benifical to humans viruses damage to host highest amount of pathogens archaea is most genetically similar to what? eukarya What is a viral capsid? protein shell that protects viral capsule contains nucleic acid what are bacteriophage viruses that infect bacteria normal flora microorganisms found on and in our bodies barophile microorganism that thrive under hyperstatic high pressure extremophiles organisms capable of living in harsh enviroments hot or cold halophile organism can tolerate salt conditions hyper thermophile organism with optimal growth temperature is above 80 c mesophile grows best in intermediate temperatures microaerophile requires o2 at concentration less than that in atmosphere psychraphile grow and reproduce in cold temp 0-20 c thermophile microorganism that thrives at temp of 50 c or higher pylogentic tree the closer they are the more genetically related how are microorganisms reproduced binary fission metabolism all chemical reactions of cell what is gene expression DNA RNA PROTEIN transcription translation atom smallest building block of matter what are the 6 bioelements Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Sulfur phosphorus nitrogen covalant bonds bonds formed by sharing electrons most strongest bond hydrogen bond bond between a electronegative (O and N) and (H) what is the glucose storage molecule in animals and some microorganisms glycogen what is the glucose storage in plants starch what is the glucose structural polysaccharide in plants cellulose only microorganisms can digest cellulose what is peptidoglycan main structural component of most bacterial cell walls penicillin attacks peptidoglycan phospholipids are what and what does that mean ampphipathic polar and non polar ends what does RNA and DNA nucleotides contain sugar base phosphate groups A-T C-G DNA A-U C-G RNA A-T 2 bonds C-G 3 bonds how are nucleotides held together phosphodiester bonds primary structure amino acids in a chain about 300 secondary structure a helix and b pleated sheets from hydrogen bonds polypeptide backbone tertiary structure 3 dimensional structure of a polypeptide confirmation and interaction within R groups quaternary structure 3 dimensional structure of a protein composed of more than one polypeptide two or more tertiary proteins streak plates are for isolation only pour and spread plates isolation and enumeration pure culture only one type of microorganism mixed culture contains one or more type of microorganism what is the solidifying agent you add to liquid media agar defined media precisely chemically defined complex media contains at least one ingredient that is not chemically defined enriched media contains organic substances extra ingredients - fastidious need more nutrients to grow mannitol salt agar selective or differential staphylococcus isolate and differentiate blood agar differential only - lysis of RBC streptococcus alpha beta gamma