WCU Pathophysiology 370 Final WCU
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 370 FINAL EXAM
1. Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis
related to potential for
a. respiratory depression.
b. narcotic dependency.
c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
d. allergic reaction. - ANSWER✔✔✨---c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
2. A patient is admitted to the hospital with left-sided heart failure. Which clinical manifestation
would the nurse expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.)
a. Cough
b. Dyspnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Crackles in lungs
e. Peripheral edema - ANSWER✔✔✨---a. Cough
3. Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer?
a. Surgery
b. Radiation
c. Early detection
d. Chemotherapeutic agents - ANSWER✔✔✨---c. Early detection
4. Early detection of cancer, while it remains localized, is associated with the best prognosis for a
cure. The majority of patients with solid tumors are treated surgically, which can be curative in
some localized cancers. Ionizing radiation is used for two principal reasons: to kill tumor cells
that are not resectable because they are located in a vital or inaccessible area, and to kill tumor
cells that may have escaped the surgeon's knife and remain undetected in the local area.
Chemotherapeutic agents are not selective for tumor cells, and a certain amount of normal cell
death also occurs.
,5. A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo which
type of cellular adaptation?
a. Atrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia - ANSWER✔✔✨---c. Hypertrophy
6. A characteristic of benign prostatic hypertrophy includes which of the following? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Urgency
b. Hesitancy
c. Low back pain
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying - ANSWER✔✔✨---b. Hesitancy
7. d. Weak urine flow
8. e. Incomplete bladder emptying
9. What are the criteria for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply.)
a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
d. Swelling of at least one wrist joint
e. Morning stiffness in joints - ANSWER✔✔✨---a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of
joints
10. b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
11. c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
12. e. Morning stiffness in joints
13. Atrial fibrillation is best described as when
a. The P wave precedes, follows, or is buried in the QRS complex
b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate
c. An atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min in a sawtooth pattern of atrial depolarization is
seen
d. P waves occurs earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS
configuration - ANSWER✔✔✨---b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are
accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate
- Atrial fibrillation is described as disorganized and irregular atrial waves
accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate.
, - Escape rhythms can present with a P wave that precedes, follows, or is buried
in the QRS complex.
- Atrial flutter is typically manifested by a rapid atrial rate of 240 to 350
beats/min and a characteristic saw-tooth pattern of atrial depolarizations.
- Premature atrial complexes (PAC) are characterized by P waves that occur
earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS configuration.
14. Cardiac output is the product of both
a. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
b. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulse pressure
c. Pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
d. Stroke volume and heart rate - ANSWER✔✔✨---d. Stroke volume and heart rate
15. Which statement is true regarding rheumatoid arthritis?
a. It is a localized disease.
b. Its prevalence is affected by climate.
c. It affects men three times more than women.
d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor. - ANSWER✔✔✨---
d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor.
16. The study of specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts is called
a. Psychiatry
b. Physiology
c. Homeostasis
d. Pathophysiology - ANSWER✔✔✨---b. Physiology
17. Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis?
a. It is autosomal-dominant.
b. It affects endocrine glands.
c. It is common in African Americans.
d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United States. - ANSWER✔✔✨---d. It is
the most common genetic disease in the United States.
18. Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that apply.)
a. B cells
b. Platelets
c. Monocytes
d. Natural killer cells
, e. Granulocytes - ANSWER✔✔✨---b. Platelets
19. c. Monocytes
20. e. Granulocytes
- Platelets, monocytes, and granulocytes are from myeloid lineage
- B cells and natural killer cells are lymphoid
21. Which statement is true regarding cancer? (Select all that apply.)
a. The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer.
b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
c. Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones.
d. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
e. Metastasis means less differentiated cells. - ANSWER✔✔✨---a. The greater the
undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer.
22. b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
23. The greater the degree of anaplasia, the more aggressive the malignant tumor.
24. Malignant tumors, if left untreated, have the potential to kill.
25. Benign tumors often grow slowly than malignant ones.
26. Anaplasia is a lack of cell differentiation.
27. Metastasis means the invasion of cancer to distant sites.
28. Which is a pathophysiologic change that is consistent with Alzheimer disease? (Select all that
apply)
a. Amyloid plaques
b. Epileptogenic focus
c. Focal cerebral infarct
d. Neurofibrillary tangles
e. Abnormal serotonin system - ANSWER✔✔✨---a. Amyloid plaques
29. d. Neurofibrillary tangles
30. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles occur in the brains of Alzheimer patients and are
found at autopsy. Neural thread proteins (tau protein) have a normal function and stabilize
microtubules. In Alzheimer disease, they are chemically altered and twist into paired helical
filaments known as neurofibrillary tangles. Epileptogenic focus is associated with seizure
disorder. Focal cerebral infarct is a stroke occurring in a localized area of the brain.
Abnormalities in the cholinergic system are associated with Alzheimer disease; serotonin
abnormalities are found in depression.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 370 FINAL EXAM
1. Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis
related to potential for
a. respiratory depression.
b. narcotic dependency.
c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
d. allergic reaction. - ANSWER✔✔✨---c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
2. A patient is admitted to the hospital with left-sided heart failure. Which clinical manifestation
would the nurse expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.)
a. Cough
b. Dyspnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Crackles in lungs
e. Peripheral edema - ANSWER✔✔✨---a. Cough
3. Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer?
a. Surgery
b. Radiation
c. Early detection
d. Chemotherapeutic agents - ANSWER✔✔✨---c. Early detection
4. Early detection of cancer, while it remains localized, is associated with the best prognosis for a
cure. The majority of patients with solid tumors are treated surgically, which can be curative in
some localized cancers. Ionizing radiation is used for two principal reasons: to kill tumor cells
that are not resectable because they are located in a vital or inaccessible area, and to kill tumor
cells that may have escaped the surgeon's knife and remain undetected in the local area.
Chemotherapeutic agents are not selective for tumor cells, and a certain amount of normal cell
death also occurs.
,5. A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo which
type of cellular adaptation?
a. Atrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia - ANSWER✔✔✨---c. Hypertrophy
6. A characteristic of benign prostatic hypertrophy includes which of the following? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Urgency
b. Hesitancy
c. Low back pain
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying - ANSWER✔✔✨---b. Hesitancy
7. d. Weak urine flow
8. e. Incomplete bladder emptying
9. What are the criteria for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply.)
a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
d. Swelling of at least one wrist joint
e. Morning stiffness in joints - ANSWER✔✔✨---a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of
joints
10. b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
11. c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
12. e. Morning stiffness in joints
13. Atrial fibrillation is best described as when
a. The P wave precedes, follows, or is buried in the QRS complex
b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate
c. An atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min in a sawtooth pattern of atrial depolarization is
seen
d. P waves occurs earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS
configuration - ANSWER✔✔✨---b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are
accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate
- Atrial fibrillation is described as disorganized and irregular atrial waves
accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate.
, - Escape rhythms can present with a P wave that precedes, follows, or is buried
in the QRS complex.
- Atrial flutter is typically manifested by a rapid atrial rate of 240 to 350
beats/min and a characteristic saw-tooth pattern of atrial depolarizations.
- Premature atrial complexes (PAC) are characterized by P waves that occur
earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS configuration.
14. Cardiac output is the product of both
a. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
b. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulse pressure
c. Pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
d. Stroke volume and heart rate - ANSWER✔✔✨---d. Stroke volume and heart rate
15. Which statement is true regarding rheumatoid arthritis?
a. It is a localized disease.
b. Its prevalence is affected by climate.
c. It affects men three times more than women.
d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor. - ANSWER✔✔✨---
d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor.
16. The study of specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts is called
a. Psychiatry
b. Physiology
c. Homeostasis
d. Pathophysiology - ANSWER✔✔✨---b. Physiology
17. Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis?
a. It is autosomal-dominant.
b. It affects endocrine glands.
c. It is common in African Americans.
d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United States. - ANSWER✔✔✨---d. It is
the most common genetic disease in the United States.
18. Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that apply.)
a. B cells
b. Platelets
c. Monocytes
d. Natural killer cells
, e. Granulocytes - ANSWER✔✔✨---b. Platelets
19. c. Monocytes
20. e. Granulocytes
- Platelets, monocytes, and granulocytes are from myeloid lineage
- B cells and natural killer cells are lymphoid
21. Which statement is true regarding cancer? (Select all that apply.)
a. The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer.
b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
c. Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones.
d. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
e. Metastasis means less differentiated cells. - ANSWER✔✔✨---a. The greater the
undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer.
22. b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
23. The greater the degree of anaplasia, the more aggressive the malignant tumor.
24. Malignant tumors, if left untreated, have the potential to kill.
25. Benign tumors often grow slowly than malignant ones.
26. Anaplasia is a lack of cell differentiation.
27. Metastasis means the invasion of cancer to distant sites.
28. Which is a pathophysiologic change that is consistent with Alzheimer disease? (Select all that
apply)
a. Amyloid plaques
b. Epileptogenic focus
c. Focal cerebral infarct
d. Neurofibrillary tangles
e. Abnormal serotonin system - ANSWER✔✔✨---a. Amyloid plaques
29. d. Neurofibrillary tangles
30. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles occur in the brains of Alzheimer patients and are
found at autopsy. Neural thread proteins (tau protein) have a normal function and stabilize
microtubules. In Alzheimer disease, they are chemically altered and twist into paired helical
filaments known as neurofibrillary tangles. Epileptogenic focus is associated with seizure
disorder. Focal cerebral infarct is a stroke occurring in a localized area of the brain.
Abnormalities in the cholinergic system are associated with Alzheimer disease; serotonin
abnormalities are found in depression.
