AC-HPAT Prep Questions with
complete solution 2025/2026
Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: - correct answer ✔Proteins
Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: - correct answer ✔Anaerobic Respiration
Phagocytosis is a form of: - correct answer ✔Endocytosis
What is a pyruvate? - correct answer ✔Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It
is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down
into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of two ways.
What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled according to genetic
instructions? - correct answer ✔Ribosomes
What is the structural and functional unit of life? - correct answer ✔The cell
What is a prokaryotic cell? - correct answer ✔A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell? - correct answer ✔A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
What is cellular respiration? - correct answer ✔A catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which
sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At times, the process proceeds
without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
,What is anaerobic respiration? - correct answer ✔A form of cellular respiration that does not involve
oxygen.
What is aerobic respiration? - correct answer ✔Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to
generate energy.
Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell membrane: -
correct answer ✔Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
Prokaryotes often reproduce by: - correct answer ✔Binary Fission
What is binary fission? - correct answer ✔A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides
into two identical halves.
What is cytokinesis? - correct answer ✔The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells,
which occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
What is a haploid cell? - correct answer ✔A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
What is a diploid cell? - correct answer ✔A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
What is chromatin? - correct answer ✔The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are
composed, consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA.
What is a centriole? - correct answer ✔a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring
in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
What is a chromosome? - correct answer ✔A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in the
nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein.
, What is DNA? - correct answer ✔A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating
and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the genetic material of most
living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
What is RNA? - correct answer ✔A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis.
It is responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA to specialized sites within the cell
where the information is translated into protein composition.
What is a nucleotide? - correct answer ✔A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA
and DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule
(either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing
base.
What is transcription? - correct answer ✔Transcription is the process by which the information in a
strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex initiates
transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the
original DNA strand.
What is translation? - correct answer ✔Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized
from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in a
structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins
What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - correct answer ✔Endocytosis is the process of capturing a
substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into
the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing
their contents to the outside of the cell
What is a chromotid? - correct answer ✔each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome
divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
What is an allele? - correct answer ✔An alternative version of a gene; one from each parent.
complete solution 2025/2026
Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: - correct answer ✔Proteins
Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: - correct answer ✔Anaerobic Respiration
Phagocytosis is a form of: - correct answer ✔Endocytosis
What is a pyruvate? - correct answer ✔Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It
is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down
into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of two ways.
What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled according to genetic
instructions? - correct answer ✔Ribosomes
What is the structural and functional unit of life? - correct answer ✔The cell
What is a prokaryotic cell? - correct answer ✔A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell? - correct answer ✔A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
What is cellular respiration? - correct answer ✔A catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which
sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At times, the process proceeds
without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
,What is anaerobic respiration? - correct answer ✔A form of cellular respiration that does not involve
oxygen.
What is aerobic respiration? - correct answer ✔Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to
generate energy.
Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell membrane: -
correct answer ✔Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
Prokaryotes often reproduce by: - correct answer ✔Binary Fission
What is binary fission? - correct answer ✔A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides
into two identical halves.
What is cytokinesis? - correct answer ✔The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells,
which occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
What is a haploid cell? - correct answer ✔A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
What is a diploid cell? - correct answer ✔A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
What is chromatin? - correct answer ✔The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are
composed, consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA.
What is a centriole? - correct answer ✔a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring
in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
What is a chromosome? - correct answer ✔A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in the
nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein.
, What is DNA? - correct answer ✔A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating
and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the genetic material of most
living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
What is RNA? - correct answer ✔A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis.
It is responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA to specialized sites within the cell
where the information is translated into protein composition.
What is a nucleotide? - correct answer ✔A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA
and DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule
(either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing
base.
What is transcription? - correct answer ✔Transcription is the process by which the information in a
strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex initiates
transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the
original DNA strand.
What is translation? - correct answer ✔Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized
from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in a
structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins
What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - correct answer ✔Endocytosis is the process of capturing a
substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into
the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing
their contents to the outside of the cell
What is a chromotid? - correct answer ✔each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome
divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
What is an allele? - correct answer ✔An alternative version of a gene; one from each parent.
