WGU - Scripting and Programming
Foundation Test (2025-2026) With
Correct Verified Answers Graded A+
Program
Consists of instructions executing one at a time.
Input
A program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen,
network, etc.
Process
A program performs computations on that data, such as adding two
values like x + y.
Output
A program puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen,
network, etc.
Computational thinking
Creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem.
Algorithm
A sequence of instructions that solves a problem.
Statement
Carries out some action and executing one at a time.
String literal
Consists of text (characters) within double quotes, as in "Go #57!".
Cursor
Indicates where the next output item will be placed in the output.
Newline
A special two-character sequence \n whose appearance in an output
string literal causes the cursor to move to the next output line. The
newline exists invisibly in the output.
Comment
Text added to a program, read by humans to understand the code, but
ignored by the program when executed.
Whitespace
, Refers to blank spaces (space and tab characters) between items
within a statement, and to newlines. Whitespace helps improve
readability for humans, but for execution purposes is mostly ignored.
Pseudocode
Text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is
simplified to aid human understanding.
Assignment statement
Assigns a variable with a value, such as x = 5. An assignment
statement's left side must be a variable. The right side is an
expression.Examples: x = 5, y = a, or z = w + 2.
=
In programming, = is an assignment of a left-side variable with a right-
side value. It does not represent equality like in mathematics.
Variable declaration
Declares a new variable, specifying the variable's name and type.
Identifier
A name created by a programmer for an item like a variable or
function. An identifier must: be a sequence of letters (a-z, A-Z),
underscores (_), and digits (0-9), AND start with a letter or
underscore.
Reserved word or keyword
A word that is part of the language, like integer, Get, or Put. A
programmer cannot use a reserved word as an identifier.
Lower camel case
Abuts multiple words, capitalizing each word except the first, such as
numApples.
Underscore separated
Words are lowercase and separated by an underscore, such as
num_apples.
Expression
A combination of items, like variables, literals, operators, and
parentheses, that evaluates to a value. Example: 2 * (x+1)
Literal
A specific value in code, like 2.
Operator
A symbol that performs a built-in calculation, like the operator +
which performs addition.
Unary minus
The subtraction sign (-) used as a negative.
Note about integer literal
Foundation Test (2025-2026) With
Correct Verified Answers Graded A+
Program
Consists of instructions executing one at a time.
Input
A program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen,
network, etc.
Process
A program performs computations on that data, such as adding two
values like x + y.
Output
A program puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen,
network, etc.
Computational thinking
Creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem.
Algorithm
A sequence of instructions that solves a problem.
Statement
Carries out some action and executing one at a time.
String literal
Consists of text (characters) within double quotes, as in "Go #57!".
Cursor
Indicates where the next output item will be placed in the output.
Newline
A special two-character sequence \n whose appearance in an output
string literal causes the cursor to move to the next output line. The
newline exists invisibly in the output.
Comment
Text added to a program, read by humans to understand the code, but
ignored by the program when executed.
Whitespace
, Refers to blank spaces (space and tab characters) between items
within a statement, and to newlines. Whitespace helps improve
readability for humans, but for execution purposes is mostly ignored.
Pseudocode
Text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is
simplified to aid human understanding.
Assignment statement
Assigns a variable with a value, such as x = 5. An assignment
statement's left side must be a variable. The right side is an
expression.Examples: x = 5, y = a, or z = w + 2.
=
In programming, = is an assignment of a left-side variable with a right-
side value. It does not represent equality like in mathematics.
Variable declaration
Declares a new variable, specifying the variable's name and type.
Identifier
A name created by a programmer for an item like a variable or
function. An identifier must: be a sequence of letters (a-z, A-Z),
underscores (_), and digits (0-9), AND start with a letter or
underscore.
Reserved word or keyword
A word that is part of the language, like integer, Get, or Put. A
programmer cannot use a reserved word as an identifier.
Lower camel case
Abuts multiple words, capitalizing each word except the first, such as
numApples.
Underscore separated
Words are lowercase and separated by an underscore, such as
num_apples.
Expression
A combination of items, like variables, literals, operators, and
parentheses, that evaluates to a value. Example: 2 * (x+1)
Literal
A specific value in code, like 2.
Operator
A symbol that performs a built-in calculation, like the operator +
which performs addition.
Unary minus
The subtraction sign (-) used as a negative.
Note about integer literal
