NR222 Health & Wellness Final Exam Guide
2025/2026 - 75 Questions
SECTION A: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS (15 Q)
1. Health Promotion Models
Which model emphasizes levels of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary)?
A. Health Belief Model
B. Transtheoretical Model
C. Social Cognitive Theory
D. Public Health Model
Answer: D - Public Health Model organizes interventions by prevention level.
Rationale: Other models focus on behavior change; Public Health Model structures
prevention levels.
2. Determinants of Health (SATA)
Select social determinants of health. (Choose 3)
☐ A. Income level
☐ B. Genetic predisposition
☐ C. Education access
☐ D. Social support
☐ E. Air quality
Answer: A, C, D - Social determinants include economic and social conditions.
Rationale: Genetic (B) is biological; air quality (E) is environmental determinant.
3. Health Literacy
A patient states, "I don't need mammograms - my family never had cancer." This
demonstrates:
A. Cultural barrier
B. Low health literacy
, C. Fatalistic belief
D. Systemic racism
Answer: B - Misunderstanding of population-based screening indicates low health
literacy.
Rationale: Health literacy involves understanding preventive care regardless of family
history.
4. Self-Care for Nurses
The #1 predictor of nurse burnout is:
A. Long shifts
B. Low salary
C. Lack of self-care
D. Unit understaffing
Answer: C - Self-care deficiency directly correlates with burnout symptoms.
Rationale: 2025 ANA wellness study confirms self-care as primary protective factor.
5. Historical Perspective
The Alma-Ata Declaration (1978) emphasized:
A. Hospital-based care
B. Primary health care for all
C. Medical specialization
D. Technology advancement
Answer: B - Alma-Ata focused on "Health for All" through primary care.
Rationale: Historical milestone in health promotion establishing primary care priority.
SECTION B: HEALTH ASSESSMENT & SCREENING (18 Q)
6. Risk Assessment (Priority)
During community health fair, four clients present. Who needs immediate
intervention?
A. 45 y with BP 135/85
, B. 30 y smoker requesting cessation
C. 55 y with blood glucose 45 mg/dL
D. 25 y pregnant woman with BMI 19
Answer: C - Blood glucose <70 mg/dL requires immediate hypoglycemia management.
Rationale: Hypoglycemia is medical emergency; others are health promotion
opportunities.
7. Developmental Screening (SATA)
Select red flags for 18-month-old. (Choose 3)
☐ A. Not walking independently
☐ B. No single words
☐ C. Not pointing
☐ D. Cannot stack 2 blocks
☐ E. Not drinking from cup
Answer: A, B, C - Motor, language, and social communication delays.
Rationale: 18-month milestones: walk independently, single words, pointing for joint
attention.
8. Nutritional Assessment
Patient reports 24-hour recall: 1200 calories, 45 g protein, 180 g carbs. Most
concerning finding:
A. Total calories
B. Protein intake
C. Carbohydrate intake
D. Macronutrient balance
Answer: B - 45 g protein = 180 calories (15%) - below recommended 10-35% range but
adequate.
Rationale: Low protein intake suggests potential malnutrition risk.
9. Mental Health Screening
PHQ-2 score of 6 (range 0-6) indicates:
A. No depression
2025/2026 - 75 Questions
SECTION A: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS (15 Q)
1. Health Promotion Models
Which model emphasizes levels of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary)?
A. Health Belief Model
B. Transtheoretical Model
C. Social Cognitive Theory
D. Public Health Model
Answer: D - Public Health Model organizes interventions by prevention level.
Rationale: Other models focus on behavior change; Public Health Model structures
prevention levels.
2. Determinants of Health (SATA)
Select social determinants of health. (Choose 3)
☐ A. Income level
☐ B. Genetic predisposition
☐ C. Education access
☐ D. Social support
☐ E. Air quality
Answer: A, C, D - Social determinants include economic and social conditions.
Rationale: Genetic (B) is biological; air quality (E) is environmental determinant.
3. Health Literacy
A patient states, "I don't need mammograms - my family never had cancer." This
demonstrates:
A. Cultural barrier
B. Low health literacy
, C. Fatalistic belief
D. Systemic racism
Answer: B - Misunderstanding of population-based screening indicates low health
literacy.
Rationale: Health literacy involves understanding preventive care regardless of family
history.
4. Self-Care for Nurses
The #1 predictor of nurse burnout is:
A. Long shifts
B. Low salary
C. Lack of self-care
D. Unit understaffing
Answer: C - Self-care deficiency directly correlates with burnout symptoms.
Rationale: 2025 ANA wellness study confirms self-care as primary protective factor.
5. Historical Perspective
The Alma-Ata Declaration (1978) emphasized:
A. Hospital-based care
B. Primary health care for all
C. Medical specialization
D. Technology advancement
Answer: B - Alma-Ata focused on "Health for All" through primary care.
Rationale: Historical milestone in health promotion establishing primary care priority.
SECTION B: HEALTH ASSESSMENT & SCREENING (18 Q)
6. Risk Assessment (Priority)
During community health fair, four clients present. Who needs immediate
intervention?
A. 45 y with BP 135/85
, B. 30 y smoker requesting cessation
C. 55 y with blood glucose 45 mg/dL
D. 25 y pregnant woman with BMI 19
Answer: C - Blood glucose <70 mg/dL requires immediate hypoglycemia management.
Rationale: Hypoglycemia is medical emergency; others are health promotion
opportunities.
7. Developmental Screening (SATA)
Select red flags for 18-month-old. (Choose 3)
☐ A. Not walking independently
☐ B. No single words
☐ C. Not pointing
☐ D. Cannot stack 2 blocks
☐ E. Not drinking from cup
Answer: A, B, C - Motor, language, and social communication delays.
Rationale: 18-month milestones: walk independently, single words, pointing for joint
attention.
8. Nutritional Assessment
Patient reports 24-hour recall: 1200 calories, 45 g protein, 180 g carbs. Most
concerning finding:
A. Total calories
B. Protein intake
C. Carbohydrate intake
D. Macronutrient balance
Answer: B - 45 g protein = 180 calories (15%) - below recommended 10-35% range but
adequate.
Rationale: Low protein intake suggests potential malnutrition risk.
9. Mental Health Screening
PHQ-2 score of 6 (range 0-6) indicates:
A. No depression
