NHM 201 Final Exam Study Guide
Questions with Actual Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
nutrition - Answer the science of the study of food, nutrients, and other food constituent
and health
nutrients - Answer chemical substances in food that are used by the body for health and
growth
food security - Answer access at all times to a sufficient supply of nutritious food
food insecurity - Answer limited or uncertain availability of food
calorie - Answer unit of measurement of the energy supplies by food
essential nutrients - Answer substances required for growth and health that can't be
produced by the body
carbohydrates - Answer chemical substances that consist of sugar molecules in various forms
essential amino acids - Answer 9 amino acids that can't be synthesized by the human body
protein - Answer chemical substances made of amino acid chains
lipids - Answer components of food that are soluble in fat but not water
vitamins - Answer 14 specific chemicals that do specific functions in the body
minerals - Answer 15 elements found in food that perform special functions in the body
nonessential nutrients - Answer nutrients required for growth and health that can be
,fatty acid - Answer the fat-soluble component of fats in food
glycerol - Answer the component of fat that is soluble in water
Linoleic acid - Answer a parent of omega-6 fatty acids that is the primary structural
component of the central nervous system
Alpha-linolenic acid - Answer parent to omega-3 fatty acids that are broken down to make
EPA and DHA
Saturated fatty acids - Answer fats that have carbon atoms linked together with single bonds
unsaturated fatty acids - Answer fats that have carbon atoms linked together with double
bonds
hydrogenation - Answer bubbling atoms through liquid polyunsaturated fatty acids to force
hydrogen atoms into double bonds to turn them into single bonds
trans-fat - Answer an unsaturated fat that is produced by hydrogenation
cholesterol - Answer a fat-soluble colorless liquid primarily found in animal products
homeostasis - Answer constancy in the internal environment
malnutrition - Answer poor nutrition from a lack or excess of calories or nutrients
chronic diseases - Answer slow developing, long lasting diseases that are not contagious
hypertension - Answer high blood pressure
stroke - Answer an event that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked
,calorie-dense foods - Answer food high in calories and low in nutrients
dietary supplements - Answer products intended to supplement the diet
functional foods - Answer fortified and enhanced foods that may have health benefits
beyond the effects of essential nutrients
infertility/infecundity - Answer the involuntary absence of production of children
fertility - Answer the actual production of children
fecundity - Answer the biological ability to have children
miscarriage - Answer the loss of a conceptus in the first 20 week of pregnancy
subfertility - Answer reduced levels of fertility characterized by an unusually long time for
conception
puberty - Answer the period in life where humans become biologically capable of
reproduction
ova - Answer eggs that a female produces and stores in the ovaries
menopause - Answer cessation of the menstrual cycle and reproductive capacity
menstrual cycle - Answer a 4 week interval where hormones direct a buildup of blood and
nutrient stores in the uterine wall and the maturation and release of an ovum
follicular phase - Answer first half of the menstrual cycle
luteal phase - Answer last 14 days of the menstrual cycle
, fetus - Answer organism from 8 week until birth
DNA Methylation - Answer modification of a replicated strand of DNA by the addition of a
methyl group that can suppress the regulation of a gene in a certain way that can effect
metabolism and disease
premenstrual syndrome - Answer condition occurring among women of reproductive age
that includes physical and psychological symptons
premenstrual dysphoric disorder - Answer a severe form of PMS that is characterized by
mood swings, anxiety, irritability, depressions, and physical symptoms
polycystic ovary syndrome - Answer condition characterized by insulin resistance, obesity,
polycystic ovaries, mental dysfunction, and infertility
anorexia nervosa - Answer eating disorder characterized by extreme weight loss, poor body
image, and irrational fears of weight gain
bulimia nervosa - Answer eating disorder characterized by periods of uncontrolled eating
followed by vomiting
female athlete triad - Answer condition marked by the presence of an eating disorder,
mental dysfunction, and osteoporosis in otherwise healthy athletes
teratogenic - Answer exposures that produce malformation in embryos
congenital abnormalities - Answer an abnormality presented at birth
Type I diabetes - Answer an autoimmune disease characterized by high blood glucose levels
from the destruction of insulin producing cells in the pancreas, resulting in no insulin production
Type II diabetes - Answer adult-onset, characterized by high blood glucose levels because of
the body's inability to use insulin normally
Questions with Actual Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
nutrition - Answer the science of the study of food, nutrients, and other food constituent
and health
nutrients - Answer chemical substances in food that are used by the body for health and
growth
food security - Answer access at all times to a sufficient supply of nutritious food
food insecurity - Answer limited or uncertain availability of food
calorie - Answer unit of measurement of the energy supplies by food
essential nutrients - Answer substances required for growth and health that can't be
produced by the body
carbohydrates - Answer chemical substances that consist of sugar molecules in various forms
essential amino acids - Answer 9 amino acids that can't be synthesized by the human body
protein - Answer chemical substances made of amino acid chains
lipids - Answer components of food that are soluble in fat but not water
vitamins - Answer 14 specific chemicals that do specific functions in the body
minerals - Answer 15 elements found in food that perform special functions in the body
nonessential nutrients - Answer nutrients required for growth and health that can be
,fatty acid - Answer the fat-soluble component of fats in food
glycerol - Answer the component of fat that is soluble in water
Linoleic acid - Answer a parent of omega-6 fatty acids that is the primary structural
component of the central nervous system
Alpha-linolenic acid - Answer parent to omega-3 fatty acids that are broken down to make
EPA and DHA
Saturated fatty acids - Answer fats that have carbon atoms linked together with single bonds
unsaturated fatty acids - Answer fats that have carbon atoms linked together with double
bonds
hydrogenation - Answer bubbling atoms through liquid polyunsaturated fatty acids to force
hydrogen atoms into double bonds to turn them into single bonds
trans-fat - Answer an unsaturated fat that is produced by hydrogenation
cholesterol - Answer a fat-soluble colorless liquid primarily found in animal products
homeostasis - Answer constancy in the internal environment
malnutrition - Answer poor nutrition from a lack or excess of calories or nutrients
chronic diseases - Answer slow developing, long lasting diseases that are not contagious
hypertension - Answer high blood pressure
stroke - Answer an event that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked
,calorie-dense foods - Answer food high in calories and low in nutrients
dietary supplements - Answer products intended to supplement the diet
functional foods - Answer fortified and enhanced foods that may have health benefits
beyond the effects of essential nutrients
infertility/infecundity - Answer the involuntary absence of production of children
fertility - Answer the actual production of children
fecundity - Answer the biological ability to have children
miscarriage - Answer the loss of a conceptus in the first 20 week of pregnancy
subfertility - Answer reduced levels of fertility characterized by an unusually long time for
conception
puberty - Answer the period in life where humans become biologically capable of
reproduction
ova - Answer eggs that a female produces and stores in the ovaries
menopause - Answer cessation of the menstrual cycle and reproductive capacity
menstrual cycle - Answer a 4 week interval where hormones direct a buildup of blood and
nutrient stores in the uterine wall and the maturation and release of an ovum
follicular phase - Answer first half of the menstrual cycle
luteal phase - Answer last 14 days of the menstrual cycle
, fetus - Answer organism from 8 week until birth
DNA Methylation - Answer modification of a replicated strand of DNA by the addition of a
methyl group that can suppress the regulation of a gene in a certain way that can effect
metabolism and disease
premenstrual syndrome - Answer condition occurring among women of reproductive age
that includes physical and psychological symptons
premenstrual dysphoric disorder - Answer a severe form of PMS that is characterized by
mood swings, anxiety, irritability, depressions, and physical symptoms
polycystic ovary syndrome - Answer condition characterized by insulin resistance, obesity,
polycystic ovaries, mental dysfunction, and infertility
anorexia nervosa - Answer eating disorder characterized by extreme weight loss, poor body
image, and irrational fears of weight gain
bulimia nervosa - Answer eating disorder characterized by periods of uncontrolled eating
followed by vomiting
female athlete triad - Answer condition marked by the presence of an eating disorder,
mental dysfunction, and osteoporosis in otherwise healthy athletes
teratogenic - Answer exposures that produce malformation in embryos
congenital abnormalities - Answer an abnormality presented at birth
Type I diabetes - Answer an autoimmune disease characterized by high blood glucose levels
from the destruction of insulin producing cells in the pancreas, resulting in no insulin production
Type II diabetes - Answer adult-onset, characterized by high blood glucose levels because of
the body's inability to use insulin normally
