SPCE 630 test 2 Questions and
Answers Latest Versions 2025 A+
Variables manipulated by researchers are known as:
Independent Variables
Which of the following is the correct APA citation (7th edition)?
A. Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (Eds.). (2018). Single case
research methodology: Applications in special education and
behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Routledge.
B. Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (Eds.). (2018). Single case
research methodology: applications in special education and
behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
C. Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (Eds.). (2018). Single Case
Research Methodology: Applications in Special Education and
Behavioral Sciences (3rd ed.). Routledge.
D. Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (Eds.). (2018). Single case
research methodology: Applications in special education and
behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
A. Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (Eds.). (2018). Single case
research methodology: Applications in special education and
behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Well-designed applied research studies should:
Include systematic study of behaviors in typical environments
The committee responsible for examining proposed studies to
ensure human participant safety and ethical compliance is the:
Institutional Review Board
Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice are ethical
principles outlined in the:
Belmont Report
The same level of risk a participant would encounter in daily life
is:
Minimal Risk
,Maximizing potential benefits while minimizing potential harm is:
Beneficence
Which of the following is NOT a function of a literature review?
A. Presenting a clear and concise summary of the paper
B. Articulating what is known/unknown about a topic
C. Improving plans for future studies
D. Building a foundation and rationale for a study
A. Presenting a clear and concise summary of the paper
The methods section of a research article:
Provides a detailed operation description of how the study was
conducted
The relevance of a study's data is outlined in the:
Discussion
The five sections of a final report in order are:
Abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion
Which type of recording samples behavior occurrences and
provides an estimate of the actual occurrences of the behavior?
Discontinuous recording
When using momentary time sampling, occurrences of the target
behavior are recording if the behavior occurs:
At the end of the interval
If observers do not agree on behavior occurrences when
collecting data (low interobserver agreement), which common
problems could be present? Check all that apply.
A. Observe Bias
B. Error
C. Observer Drift
D. Construct Validity
E. Maturation
Observer bias, error, observer drift
Whole interval recording tends to:
Underestimate behavior occurrences
, Which type of validity refers to whether or not the measurement
procedures accurately reflect the target behavior being
measured?
Construct validity
Reliability and validity refer to the same concept.
False
Which of the following is the best example of a non-reversible
dependent variable?
A. Reading sight words
B. Physical aggression
C. On-task behavior
D. Self-injury
Reading sight words
Researchers can write non-examples of target behaviors in order
to help increase:
Reliability
Which type of IOA is calculated when researchers only look at
intervals either or both observers did NOT observe the target
behavior?
Unscored-Interval IOA
Which is a measurement of whether the intervention was
conducted as intended?
Treatment Integrity
Measurement of procedural fidelity does all of the following
except:
A. Helps clinicians avoid emphasizing "train and hope"
B. Helps identify implementation errors
C. Helps determine the sufficiency of an intervention implemented
with low fidelity
D. Helps researchers explain variability in results that is related to
inconsistent implementation
Helps clinicians avoid emphasizing "train and hope"
Answers Latest Versions 2025 A+
Variables manipulated by researchers are known as:
Independent Variables
Which of the following is the correct APA citation (7th edition)?
A. Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (Eds.). (2018). Single case
research methodology: Applications in special education and
behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Routledge.
B. Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (Eds.). (2018). Single case
research methodology: applications in special education and
behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
C. Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (Eds.). (2018). Single Case
Research Methodology: Applications in Special Education and
Behavioral Sciences (3rd ed.). Routledge.
D. Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (Eds.). (2018). Single case
research methodology: Applications in special education and
behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
A. Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (Eds.). (2018). Single case
research methodology: Applications in special education and
behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Well-designed applied research studies should:
Include systematic study of behaviors in typical environments
The committee responsible for examining proposed studies to
ensure human participant safety and ethical compliance is the:
Institutional Review Board
Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice are ethical
principles outlined in the:
Belmont Report
The same level of risk a participant would encounter in daily life
is:
Minimal Risk
,Maximizing potential benefits while minimizing potential harm is:
Beneficence
Which of the following is NOT a function of a literature review?
A. Presenting a clear and concise summary of the paper
B. Articulating what is known/unknown about a topic
C. Improving plans for future studies
D. Building a foundation and rationale for a study
A. Presenting a clear and concise summary of the paper
The methods section of a research article:
Provides a detailed operation description of how the study was
conducted
The relevance of a study's data is outlined in the:
Discussion
The five sections of a final report in order are:
Abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion
Which type of recording samples behavior occurrences and
provides an estimate of the actual occurrences of the behavior?
Discontinuous recording
When using momentary time sampling, occurrences of the target
behavior are recording if the behavior occurs:
At the end of the interval
If observers do not agree on behavior occurrences when
collecting data (low interobserver agreement), which common
problems could be present? Check all that apply.
A. Observe Bias
B. Error
C. Observer Drift
D. Construct Validity
E. Maturation
Observer bias, error, observer drift
Whole interval recording tends to:
Underestimate behavior occurrences
, Which type of validity refers to whether or not the measurement
procedures accurately reflect the target behavior being
measured?
Construct validity
Reliability and validity refer to the same concept.
False
Which of the following is the best example of a non-reversible
dependent variable?
A. Reading sight words
B. Physical aggression
C. On-task behavior
D. Self-injury
Reading sight words
Researchers can write non-examples of target behaviors in order
to help increase:
Reliability
Which type of IOA is calculated when researchers only look at
intervals either or both observers did NOT observe the target
behavior?
Unscored-Interval IOA
Which is a measurement of whether the intervention was
conducted as intended?
Treatment Integrity
Measurement of procedural fidelity does all of the following
except:
A. Helps clinicians avoid emphasizing "train and hope"
B. Helps identify implementation errors
C. Helps determine the sufficiency of an intervention implemented
with low fidelity
D. Helps researchers explain variability in results that is related to
inconsistent implementation
Helps clinicians avoid emphasizing "train and hope"
