PCB 3233 - Immunology - Exam 2 (Dr.
Ambivero) Questions and Answers
Latest Version 2025 A+
Works with TNF-A to activate endothelial cells &
induce inflammation
Function of IL-1Beta
Activates NK Cells
Function of IL-2
NOD-1
Recognizes gram (-) peptidoglycan
NOD-2
Recognizes muramyl dipeptide
Receptors in the cytoplasm that recognize pathogens
What are NOD-like receptors?
Infected tissue
Site of Monocyte Maturation
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Another name for Neutrophils
-Carbohydrate-binding lectin, P, E, and L selectins
Types of Selectins
L-selectin binds to CD34 or GylCAM-1
What happens during Rolling Adhesion?
LFA-1 binds to iCAM-1
What happens during Tight Binding (extravasation)?
Extravasation
Allows neutrophils to exit the blood near infection site
Neutrophils squeeze in between endothelial cells
,What happens during Diapadesis?
-Primary: Azurophilic granules
-Secondary: Specific granules
-Tertiary: Gelatinase granules
The 3 granules of Neutrophils
Superoxide radicals
NADPH oxidase produces
Netosis
Neutrophil death leads to capture & destruction of
pathogen
Il-12, Il-1beta, Il-6
Pyrogenic Cytokines
C-reactive proteins, Serum Amyloid A, Mannose-
binding lectin
Acute Phase Proteins
Complement
CRP & MBL can opsonize directly without __________
C1q
What does the C-Reactive protein bind to in order to
initiate the classical pathway
Type I Interferon
-Interferes w/viral replication via infected cells
-Alerts immune system of infection
-Makes virus-infected cells more vulnerable to killer
lymphocytes
All nucleated cells
What sort of cells have the capacity to make interferon 1?
Interferon Beta: IFN-B, Interferon Alpha: IFN-A
What interferons make up type 1?
, IFN-y
What interferon do NK cells, CD-8 T cells, & CD4 TH1
cells (Type 2 interferon) secrete?
Healthy tissue
Neutrophils do not have access to ________
Cytoplasmic sensors for viral RNA
RIG1 & MDA5 are
IFN-Alpha transcription
Function of IRF-7
Works with NFkB & AP-1 to turn on the transcription
gene for IFN-Beta
Function of IRF-3
Autocrine (infected cell surface), Paracrine (Inteferon
Receptor on nearby cells)
What does IFN-B bind to?
IL-12, IFN-Alpha and Beta
What activates NK cells?
IFN-y
What activates Macrophages?
Plasma cells
What cells excrete IG's?
Chemokines
CXCL-8 or IL-8 are
N-Terminal
Binds w/L-chain to form the "arms"
Respiratory Burst
-Increases oxygen consumption that kills gram positive
and negative bacteria, as well as fungi
Netosis
Ambivero) Questions and Answers
Latest Version 2025 A+
Works with TNF-A to activate endothelial cells &
induce inflammation
Function of IL-1Beta
Activates NK Cells
Function of IL-2
NOD-1
Recognizes gram (-) peptidoglycan
NOD-2
Recognizes muramyl dipeptide
Receptors in the cytoplasm that recognize pathogens
What are NOD-like receptors?
Infected tissue
Site of Monocyte Maturation
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Another name for Neutrophils
-Carbohydrate-binding lectin, P, E, and L selectins
Types of Selectins
L-selectin binds to CD34 or GylCAM-1
What happens during Rolling Adhesion?
LFA-1 binds to iCAM-1
What happens during Tight Binding (extravasation)?
Extravasation
Allows neutrophils to exit the blood near infection site
Neutrophils squeeze in between endothelial cells
,What happens during Diapadesis?
-Primary: Azurophilic granules
-Secondary: Specific granules
-Tertiary: Gelatinase granules
The 3 granules of Neutrophils
Superoxide radicals
NADPH oxidase produces
Netosis
Neutrophil death leads to capture & destruction of
pathogen
Il-12, Il-1beta, Il-6
Pyrogenic Cytokines
C-reactive proteins, Serum Amyloid A, Mannose-
binding lectin
Acute Phase Proteins
Complement
CRP & MBL can opsonize directly without __________
C1q
What does the C-Reactive protein bind to in order to
initiate the classical pathway
Type I Interferon
-Interferes w/viral replication via infected cells
-Alerts immune system of infection
-Makes virus-infected cells more vulnerable to killer
lymphocytes
All nucleated cells
What sort of cells have the capacity to make interferon 1?
Interferon Beta: IFN-B, Interferon Alpha: IFN-A
What interferons make up type 1?
, IFN-y
What interferon do NK cells, CD-8 T cells, & CD4 TH1
cells (Type 2 interferon) secrete?
Healthy tissue
Neutrophils do not have access to ________
Cytoplasmic sensors for viral RNA
RIG1 & MDA5 are
IFN-Alpha transcription
Function of IRF-7
Works with NFkB & AP-1 to turn on the transcription
gene for IFN-Beta
Function of IRF-3
Autocrine (infected cell surface), Paracrine (Inteferon
Receptor on nearby cells)
What does IFN-B bind to?
IL-12, IFN-Alpha and Beta
What activates NK cells?
IFN-y
What activates Macrophages?
Plasma cells
What cells excrete IG's?
Chemokines
CXCL-8 or IL-8 are
N-Terminal
Binds w/L-chain to form the "arms"
Respiratory Burst
-Increases oxygen consumption that kills gram positive
and negative bacteria, as well as fungi
Netosis
