, Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine Test
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
bank/Studyguide
Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. result of: x@
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
B) improved intracellular volume regulation.
x@ x@ x@
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his l
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
2. iver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
of the remaining liver cell x@ x@ x@ x@
s.
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy x@
C) compensatory hyperplasia x@
D) physiologic hypertrophy x@
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is pa
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
rtially cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x
3. @cell hypoxia caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
x@ x@ in the brain.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) caspase activation x@
B) coagulation necrosis x@
C) rapid phagocytosis
x@
D) protein p53 deficiency x@ x@
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
4. , which is unique from the intracellu
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
lar damage caused by other injurious agents.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump x@ x@ x@ x@
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processesx@ x@ x@
C) replicating and producing continued injury
x@ x@ x@ x@
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function x@ x@ x@ x@
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causin
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
5. g hypoxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
,C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. x@ x@ x@ x@
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) increased fat load. x@ x@
B) altered permeability.x@
C) altered glucose utilization.
x@ x@
D) increased surface receptors. x@ x@
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) stimulus overload. x@
B) genetic mutations. x@
C) chemical messengers. x@
D) mitochondrial DNA. x@
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) increased cell protein synthesis.
x@ x@ x@
B) altered cell volume regulation.
x@ x@ x@
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He st
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
eps on a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
9. . The necrotic cell death is characterized by:
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) rapid apoptosis.x@
B) cellular rupture. x@
C) shrinkage and collapse. x@ x@
D) chronic inflammation. x@
A 99-year-
x@
10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) changes with genetic influences. x@ x@ x@
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. x@ x@ x@ x@
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. x@ x@
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
x@ x@ x@ x@
An 89-year-
x@
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina d
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
uring a 3- x@ x@
11. week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the followin
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
, g phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
that underlies her reduced mobility?
x@ x@ x@ x@
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A 20-year-
x@
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanico
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
12. laou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x
@for evidence of:
x@ x@
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
C) ischemic changes in cell samples.
x@ x@ x@ x@
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
13. cification?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
x@ x@
B) Liver cirrhosis x@
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism x@ x@
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
echnician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is t
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
14. primary rationale for the technicians precautions?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
The parents of a 4-year-
x@ x@ x@ x@
old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowi
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
15. ng imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) White blood cell levels with differential
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
C) Urea and creatinine levels
x@ x@ x@
D) Liver function panel
x@ x@
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
bank/Studyguide
Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. result of: x@
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
B) improved intracellular volume regulation.
x@ x@ x@
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his l
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
2. iver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
of the remaining liver cell x@ x@ x@ x@
s.
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy x@
C) compensatory hyperplasia x@
D) physiologic hypertrophy x@
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is pa
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
rtially cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x
3. @cell hypoxia caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
x@ x@ in the brain.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) caspase activation x@
B) coagulation necrosis x@
C) rapid phagocytosis
x@
D) protein p53 deficiency x@ x@
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
4. , which is unique from the intracellu
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
lar damage caused by other injurious agents.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump x@ x@ x@ x@
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processesx@ x@ x@
C) replicating and producing continued injury
x@ x@ x@ x@
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function x@ x@ x@ x@
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causin
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
5. g hypoxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
,C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. x@ x@ x@ x@
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) increased fat load. x@ x@
B) altered permeability.x@
C) altered glucose utilization.
x@ x@
D) increased surface receptors. x@ x@
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) stimulus overload. x@
B) genetic mutations. x@
C) chemical messengers. x@
D) mitochondrial DNA. x@
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) increased cell protein synthesis.
x@ x@ x@
B) altered cell volume regulation.
x@ x@ x@
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He st
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
eps on a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
9. . The necrotic cell death is characterized by:
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) rapid apoptosis.x@
B) cellular rupture. x@
C) shrinkage and collapse. x@ x@
D) chronic inflammation. x@
A 99-year-
x@
10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) changes with genetic influences. x@ x@ x@
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. x@ x@ x@ x@
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. x@ x@
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
x@ x@ x@ x@
An 89-year-
x@
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina d
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
uring a 3- x@ x@
11. week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the followin
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
, g phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
that underlies her reduced mobility?
x@ x@ x@ x@
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A 20-year-
x@
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanico
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
12. laou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x
@for evidence of:
x@ x@
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
C) ischemic changes in cell samples.
x@ x@ x@ x@
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
13. cification?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
x@ x@
B) Liver cirrhosis x@
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism x@ x@
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
echnician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is t
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
14. primary rationale for the technicians precautions?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
The parents of a 4-year-
x@ x@ x@ x@
old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowi
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
15. ng imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
A) White blood cell levels with differential
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
C) Urea and creatinine levels
x@ x@ x@
D) Liver function panel
x@ x@
