MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1 PORTAGE COURSE // A+ GRADED ASSESSMENT // FUNDAMENTAL MICROBIAL STRUCTURE FUNCTION PATHOGENESIS AND LAB APPLICATIONS FOR STUDENT SUCCESS // ACADEMIC YEAR 2025/2026

MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1 PORTAGE COURSE // A+ GRADED
ASSESSMENT // FUNDAMENTAL MICROBIAL STRUCTURE
FUNCTION PATHOGENESIS AND LAB APPLICATIONS FOR
STUDENT SUCCESS // ACADEMIC YEAR 2025/2026




Microbial genetics - THE CORRECT ANSWER -the study of how
microbes inherit traits


Molecular biology - THE CORRECT ANSWER -the study of how DNA
directs proteins synthesis


protein synthesis- ribosomes


genomics - THE CORRECT ANSWER -the study of an organism genes


has provided new tools for classifying microorganisms


Eurkarya - THE CORRECT ANSWER --animals
-Plants
- Fungi:
• Distinct nucleus
• Chitin in cell walls
• Absorb organic chemicals for energy
• Yeasts: unicellular
• Molds and Mushrooms: multicellular


Bacteria - THE CORRECT ANSWER -♣ Prenucleus: no true nucleus

,♣ Peptidoglycan cell walls
♣ Divide through binary fission
♣ Usually single cell
♣ Uses the Gram Stain
♣ Most bacteria have a single shape
♣ Genus species


archaea - THE CORRECT ANSWER -♣ Can resist severe conditions
♣ Lack peptidoglycan
♣ Based off of Eukaraya
♣ Methanogens
• Anaerobic
o O2 is toxic
• Produce methane
♣ Extreme halophiles
• Require salt concentration of around 2.5%
o The normal human salt percentage is around .9%
♣ Hyperthermophiles
• Require growth temperature of around 80 degrees Celsius


Taxonomy - THE CORRECT ANSWER -the science of classifying
organisms, it shows the degree of similarity among organims
Microorganism - THE CORRECT ANSWER -are organisms that are too
small to see with the unaided eye


examples of microorganisms - THE CORRECT ANSWER -bacteria
fungi
protozoa

, microscopic algae
viruses


what kind of microscope do you use when you are working with
microorganisms you can't see? - THE CORRECT ANSWER -bright field
microscope


what are the different magnifications of a bright field microscope - THE
CORRECT ANSWER -4x
10x
40x
100x


what is the kind of microscope that you use when looking at a virus -
THE CORRECT ANSWER -electron microscope


what are the different magnifications of the electron microscope - THE
CORRECT ANSWER -1 mil
2 mil
10 mil


How are microbes helpful - THE CORRECT ANSWER -decompose
organic waste
generate O2
produce chemical products such as ethanol and others
produce fermented foods ex: vinegar, cheese, and bread
produce products used in manufacturing ex: cellulose and insulin


How many microbes are pathogenic out of all the microorganisms - THE
CORRECT ANSWER -70/10 mil