MHA 707 EXAM D STUDY GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS RECENT VERSION

MHA 707 EXAM D STUDY GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS RECENT VERSION opening of 20th century - ANSWER -doctors were solo practitioners -hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit -long term care for the elderly was largely home-based -pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturing was a small business 1847 - ANSWER founding of American Medical Association (AMA) AMA - ANSWER -established standards for preliminary medical education for the degree of MD -Code of medical ethics -recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery and obstetrics -noted the dangers of secret remedies (snake oil) and patent medicines -recommended that state governments register births, marriages, and deaths advances that made practice of medicine more successful in treating health problems - ANSWER -improvements in surgery made during the civil war -application to medicine of advances in bacteriology by scientists such as louis pasteur provided the start for some of the largest names in the modern pharmaceutical industry : wyeth, pfizer, squibb - ANSWER demand for therapeutics fueled by the civil war 1861 - ANSWER founding U.S. nursing corps nursing corps - ANSWER -created ambulance-to-emergency room system we know today -established hierarchy of treatment stations to type of hospital facilities 1899 - ANSWER founding of association of hospital superintendents the individual mandate - ANSWER most citizens and legal residents have to have health insurance why individual mandate? - ANSWER private health insurance market is intended to cover everyone not already insured (without ESI or gov insurance or uninsured) -ACA distributes health care costs over people in poor health and good health (community rating) -CRITICAL TO SUCCESS OF ACA death spiral - ANSWER healthier people disenroll in the plan in favor of less expensive coverage ACA put in place 3 organizations intended to lower health care costs and improve quality over the long term - ANSWER independent payment advisory board, center for medicare and medicaid innovation, prevention and public health fund independent payment advisory board - ANSWER reduced deficits and debt based on the values of shared responsibility and shared prosperity ACA recognized that - ANSWER deficit reduction required reduced growth of health care spending ACA aimed to reduce costs by tackling - ANSWER -medicare fraud -excessive payments for prescriptions -shift costs to states (after 3 years of 'extra medicaid $' states would carry more burden -series of health care reforms that would save at least an additional $1 trillion in the following decade center for medicare and medicaid innovation - ANSWER established to develop cost savings through health service research (like NICE in UK) prevention of public health fund - ANSWER preventing health problems is another way to decrease demand for HC two sources of funds for ACA - ANSWER cuts in gov spending, new revenues cuts in gov spending - ANSWER gov changes to payments to doctors and hospitals new revenues from - ANSWER -tax penalty for those who did not purchase coverage -tax on most expensive "cadillac" plans (unions largely exempted) -savings from positive effects of expanding insurance coverage like reduction in uncompensated care ([interesting idea...save $ by paying for what we used to not pay for]) -payments toward medicare hospital insurance on 3.8% tax on investment income from people earning over $200K -taxes on drug and medical device makers and insurance companies ACA addressed the problem of HC costs in 3 ways - ANSWER 1. spread the costs of HC over all people by requiring all persons to have health insurance 2. seek efficiencies [discounts] 3. promote prevention and thereby reduce the demand for health care services challenges to ACA - ANSWER asked court to hear a case against individual mandate and medicaid expansion 2012: ACA passed supreme court because - ANSWER government's taxing authority 2015: ACA health insurance subsidies were considered by supreme court: - ANSWER court ruled that fed gov can provide nationwide tax subsidies to help poor and middle-class people buy health insurance