NR507 WEEK 7 QUIZ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS STARTS
HERE! LEARN, PRACTICE & EXCEL!
Diabetes Type I Pathophysiology - Answer: Autoimmune-mediated: environmental-genetic
factors tiggers cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
Idiopathic or non-immune: Secondary to other disease like pancreatitis.
Autoantigens bind to beta cells and circulate blood and lymph-->Activation of T helper 1 + 2
lymphocytes-->Macrophages with releases of IL and TNFa, T cytotoxic cells, B lymphocytes
to produce islet cells autoantibodies-->Destruction of beta cells with decreased insulin
secretion.
Diabetes Mellitus type 1 Classic Signs - Answer: Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight
loss, fatigue.
DM Causes - Answer: Type I:
Autoimmune: Environmental-Genetic predisposition
Idiopathic: secondary to other disease (ex. pancreatitis)
Type II:
Genetic Predisposition
Obesity
BOTH: Lack of endogenous insulin
Diabetes Insipidus Kidney Function - Answer: Nephrgenic DI: inadequate response of the
renal tubules to Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH). Acquired or genetic. Gradual onset.
Urine output for DI: 8-12 L/Day.
DM chronic complications - Answer: Neuropathy
Nephropathy
Retinopathy
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Macrovascular Disease
Infection
Commons signs for DM Type I and Type II - Answer: Polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue.
DI caused by dysfunction of: - Answer: Pituitary System
DI Defined - Answer: The inability to concentrate urine and the production of copious
amounts of dilute urine.
Pancreatic, insulin secreting cells - Answer: Beta cells; endocrine gland.
DM End Result on cellular level - Answer: Cellular starvation d/t lack of glucose in cells--
>liver stores of glycogen depleted-->use of fat and protein-->Ketones are byproduct of fat
catabolism-->Diabetic Ketone Acidosis (DKA) due to ketone build up
OR if less severe: Prevention of lysis of fats-->No ketone formation-->Hyperglycemic
Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma (HHNK).
polydipsia - Answer: Excessive thirst.
Elevated blood glucose-->water osmotically attracted from cells into blood-->Intracellular
dehydration-->hypothalmic stim. of thirst.
Polyuria - Answer: Excessive urination.
Increased blood glucose=> osmotic diuretic--> amount of glucose filtered by glomerulus is
greater than can be reabsorbed-->glycosuria-->large amounts of water lost in urine.
Polyphagia - Answer: Excessive hunger.
Depletion of cellular stores of carbs, fats, and proteins in cellular starvation-->hunger
sensation.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
HERE! LEARN, PRACTICE & EXCEL!
Diabetes Type I Pathophysiology - Answer: Autoimmune-mediated: environmental-genetic
factors tiggers cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
Idiopathic or non-immune: Secondary to other disease like pancreatitis.
Autoantigens bind to beta cells and circulate blood and lymph-->Activation of T helper 1 + 2
lymphocytes-->Macrophages with releases of IL and TNFa, T cytotoxic cells, B lymphocytes
to produce islet cells autoantibodies-->Destruction of beta cells with decreased insulin
secretion.
Diabetes Mellitus type 1 Classic Signs - Answer: Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight
loss, fatigue.
DM Causes - Answer: Type I:
Autoimmune: Environmental-Genetic predisposition
Idiopathic: secondary to other disease (ex. pancreatitis)
Type II:
Genetic Predisposition
Obesity
BOTH: Lack of endogenous insulin
Diabetes Insipidus Kidney Function - Answer: Nephrgenic DI: inadequate response of the
renal tubules to Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH). Acquired or genetic. Gradual onset.
Urine output for DI: 8-12 L/Day.
DM chronic complications - Answer: Neuropathy
Nephropathy
Retinopathy
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Macrovascular Disease
Infection
Commons signs for DM Type I and Type II - Answer: Polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue.
DI caused by dysfunction of: - Answer: Pituitary System
DI Defined - Answer: The inability to concentrate urine and the production of copious
amounts of dilute urine.
Pancreatic, insulin secreting cells - Answer: Beta cells; endocrine gland.
DM End Result on cellular level - Answer: Cellular starvation d/t lack of glucose in cells--
>liver stores of glycogen depleted-->use of fat and protein-->Ketones are byproduct of fat
catabolism-->Diabetic Ketone Acidosis (DKA) due to ketone build up
OR if less severe: Prevention of lysis of fats-->No ketone formation-->Hyperglycemic
Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma (HHNK).
polydipsia - Answer: Excessive thirst.
Elevated blood glucose-->water osmotically attracted from cells into blood-->Intracellular
dehydration-->hypothalmic stim. of thirst.
Polyuria - Answer: Excessive urination.
Increased blood glucose=> osmotic diuretic--> amount of glucose filtered by glomerulus is
greater than can be reabsorbed-->glycosuria-->large amounts of water lost in urine.
Polyphagia - Answer: Excessive hunger.
Depletion of cellular stores of carbs, fats, and proteins in cellular starvation-->hunger
sensation.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
