P3, D1 – Unit 27– Applied Science
P3 – Relate chemical reaction if elemeotn aod their cimpiuodn ti the pinitio if the elemeotn io
the periidic table:
D1 – Aoalyne the exteot ti which priperten if elemeotn aod their cimpiuodn may be predicted
by koiwiog the pinitio if the elemeotn io the periidic table:
Periid 2 elemeotn react with ixygeo:
Lithium – it is arranged in a giant metallic latcec it is s rrr nded by a lrt rf delrcalised electrrns. It
is srlid and it is less dense than water, this makes it a grrd crnd ctrr rf electricity and heat. When
lithi m is b rned it t rns white and frrms lithi m rxide when reacts with rxygen.
4Li(s) + O2(g) -> 2Li2O(s)
When lithi m reacts with water it easily dissrlves in it frrming an alkaline srl trn called the lithi m
hydrrxide. The lithi m hydrrxide makes a strrng base alkali, it is a srl ble base trr and therefrre
frrms salt. The lithi m rxide is rnly basic. It is nrt very reactve, the lrwer the alkali metal in the
grr p the mrre reactve it becrmes. Lithi m is nrt as reactve as prtassi m d e tr the prsitrn rf
the element rn the perirdic table in the grr p 2.
Li2O(s) + H2O(l) -> 2LiOH(aq)
Beryllium- it is arranged in a giant metallic latce, , st like lithi m it is s rrr nded by delrcalised
electrrns. It is s ally in a srlid frrm at rrrm temperat res and d e tr its str ct re it has a very high
meltng and briling print. It is capable rf crnd ctng electricity and heat, b t it is nrt very grrd at it.
When berylli m reacts with rxygen it frrms a white prwder called berylli m rxide. The brnds which
are frrmed when heated strrngly are intermediate irnic-crvalent brnds. When water is added intr
the berylli m rxide, the mixt re is insrl ble which means that it dresn’t dissrlve in the water –
therefrre nr reactrn wr ld be frrmed. The berylli m rxide rn the rther hand is able tr react with
acids d e tr being an atmrspheric rxide. When it reacts with an acid e.g. berylli m rxide reacts with
hydrrchlrric acids (rne rf the mrst crmmrn acids sed in labrratrries) it frrms berylli m chlrride.
BeO(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> BeCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
The berylli m rxide is rn the rther hand a basic rxide which dissrlves in acid in rrder tr frrm
different frrms rf salt. When berylli m rxide (BeO) is added tr the s lph r hydrrxide it frrms
berylli m s lphate and water as prrd cts.
BeO(s) + H2SO4(aq) -> BeSO4(aq) + H2O(l)
It is able tr dissrlve in strrng acidsc it wr ld event ally frrm beryllate(II) salts. It can be frrmed by
adding berylli m rxide with srdi m hydrrxide, this wr ld frrm srdi m beryllate(II). This allrws
berylli m tr be able tr be transfrrmed intr different chemicals. When berylli m is being heated
with chlrrine, it frrms a crvalent brnding with chlrrine res ltng in berylli m chlrrine. Berylli m
rxide is nrt very reactvec it is a lrt less reactve than prtassi m. On the reactvity series, the
berylli m itself is lrcated belrw magnesi m making it less reactve. Berylli m rxide dresn’t react
with water.
P3 – Relate chemical reaction if elemeotn aod their cimpiuodn ti the pinitio if the elemeotn io
the periidic table:
D1 – Aoalyne the exteot ti which priperten if elemeotn aod their cimpiuodn may be predicted
by koiwiog the pinitio if the elemeotn io the periidic table:
Periid 2 elemeotn react with ixygeo:
Lithium – it is arranged in a giant metallic latcec it is s rrr nded by a lrt rf delrcalised electrrns. It
is srlid and it is less dense than water, this makes it a grrd crnd ctrr rf electricity and heat. When
lithi m is b rned it t rns white and frrms lithi m rxide when reacts with rxygen.
4Li(s) + O2(g) -> 2Li2O(s)
When lithi m reacts with water it easily dissrlves in it frrming an alkaline srl trn called the lithi m
hydrrxide. The lithi m hydrrxide makes a strrng base alkali, it is a srl ble base trr and therefrre
frrms salt. The lithi m rxide is rnly basic. It is nrt very reactve, the lrwer the alkali metal in the
grr p the mrre reactve it becrmes. Lithi m is nrt as reactve as prtassi m d e tr the prsitrn rf
the element rn the perirdic table in the grr p 2.
Li2O(s) + H2O(l) -> 2LiOH(aq)
Beryllium- it is arranged in a giant metallic latce, , st like lithi m it is s rrr nded by delrcalised
electrrns. It is s ally in a srlid frrm at rrrm temperat res and d e tr its str ct re it has a very high
meltng and briling print. It is capable rf crnd ctng electricity and heat, b t it is nrt very grrd at it.
When berylli m reacts with rxygen it frrms a white prwder called berylli m rxide. The brnds which
are frrmed when heated strrngly are intermediate irnic-crvalent brnds. When water is added intr
the berylli m rxide, the mixt re is insrl ble which means that it dresn’t dissrlve in the water –
therefrre nr reactrn wr ld be frrmed. The berylli m rxide rn the rther hand is able tr react with
acids d e tr being an atmrspheric rxide. When it reacts with an acid e.g. berylli m rxide reacts with
hydrrchlrric acids (rne rf the mrst crmmrn acids sed in labrratrries) it frrms berylli m chlrride.
BeO(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> BeCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
The berylli m rxide is rn the rther hand a basic rxide which dissrlves in acid in rrder tr frrm
different frrms rf salt. When berylli m rxide (BeO) is added tr the s lph r hydrrxide it frrms
berylli m s lphate and water as prrd cts.
BeO(s) + H2SO4(aq) -> BeSO4(aq) + H2O(l)
It is able tr dissrlve in strrng acidsc it wr ld event ally frrm beryllate(II) salts. It can be frrmed by
adding berylli m rxide with srdi m hydrrxide, this wr ld frrm srdi m beryllate(II). This allrws
berylli m tr be able tr be transfrrmed intr different chemicals. When berylli m is being heated
with chlrrine, it frrms a crvalent brnding with chlrrine res ltng in berylli m chlrrine. Berylli m
rxide is nrt very reactvec it is a lrt less reactve than prtassi m. On the reactvity series, the
berylli m itself is lrcated belrw magnesi m making it less reactve. Berylli m rxide dresn’t react
with water.
