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NUR 242 MEDICAL SURG NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
|GRADED A+||LATEST EXAM!!!
What is ventilation? - Answer-the movement of air into and
out of the lungs
What is perfusion? - Answer-the circulation of blood
through the lungs
What are central chemoreceptors responsive to? -
Answer-increased H+ in the brain ECF;
increased PaCO2;
"hypercarbic drive"
What are peripheral chemoreceptors responsive to? -
Answer-decreased pH;
increased PaCO2;
decreased PaO2;
"hypoxic drive"
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What are elastic forces? - Answer-lungs recoil due to
elastin, collagen, fibrin
What are surface forces? - Answer-surface tension due to
water-air interface
What is airway resistance? - Answer-opposition to flow
caused by the forces of friction; primarily determined by
airway radius
What is the distensibility of the lungs? - Answer-ease with
which the lungs can be inflated
What is lung distensibility increased in? - Answer-
neonates and children;
emphysema
What is lung distensibility decreased in? - Answer-elderly;
pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS, atelectasis, fibrosis
What is surfactant? - Answer-complex substance lining the
alveoli and smallest bronchioles containing phospholipids
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and a number of apoproteins which reduces surface
tension throughout the lungs, thereby contributing to its
general compliance;
stabilizes the alveoli and keeps them dry
What produces surfactant? - Answer-produced by the
Type II alveolar cells
What is Ohm's law? - Answer-velocity = driving
force/resistance
What is Poiseuille law? - Answer-resistance = (8 x
viscosity x length) / (pi x radius^4)
What happens if the radius in the lungs goes down? -
Answer-the resistance goes up
How is the ventilation distributed in the lungs? - Answer-
the top of the lungs are more distended and less compliant
whereas the lower lung is small and highly compliant
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What factors affect lung perfusion? - Answer-lung
capacitance;
low resistance system;
flow influenced by gravity;
resistance primarily determined by vessel radius
What does hypoxia lead to? - Answer-vasoconstriction of
pulmonary vessels
What does prolonged hypoxia lead to? - Answer-
pulmonary hypertension
What factors affect alveolar-capillary diffusion? - Answer-
capillary permeability;
surface area available for diffusion;
concentration gradient for the gas;
distance for diffusion
What causes right shifts (decreased affinity) in
Hemoglobin-O2 affinity? - Answer-acidemia;
hyperthermia;
NUR 242 MEDICAL SURG NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
|GRADED A+||LATEST EXAM!!!
What is ventilation? - Answer-the movement of air into and
out of the lungs
What is perfusion? - Answer-the circulation of blood
through the lungs
What are central chemoreceptors responsive to? -
Answer-increased H+ in the brain ECF;
increased PaCO2;
"hypercarbic drive"
What are peripheral chemoreceptors responsive to? -
Answer-decreased pH;
increased PaCO2;
decreased PaO2;
"hypoxic drive"
,2|Page
What are elastic forces? - Answer-lungs recoil due to
elastin, collagen, fibrin
What are surface forces? - Answer-surface tension due to
water-air interface
What is airway resistance? - Answer-opposition to flow
caused by the forces of friction; primarily determined by
airway radius
What is the distensibility of the lungs? - Answer-ease with
which the lungs can be inflated
What is lung distensibility increased in? - Answer-
neonates and children;
emphysema
What is lung distensibility decreased in? - Answer-elderly;
pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS, atelectasis, fibrosis
What is surfactant? - Answer-complex substance lining the
alveoli and smallest bronchioles containing phospholipids
,3|Page
and a number of apoproteins which reduces surface
tension throughout the lungs, thereby contributing to its
general compliance;
stabilizes the alveoli and keeps them dry
What produces surfactant? - Answer-produced by the
Type II alveolar cells
What is Ohm's law? - Answer-velocity = driving
force/resistance
What is Poiseuille law? - Answer-resistance = (8 x
viscosity x length) / (pi x radius^4)
What happens if the radius in the lungs goes down? -
Answer-the resistance goes up
How is the ventilation distributed in the lungs? - Answer-
the top of the lungs are more distended and less compliant
whereas the lower lung is small and highly compliant
, 4|Page
What factors affect lung perfusion? - Answer-lung
capacitance;
low resistance system;
flow influenced by gravity;
resistance primarily determined by vessel radius
What does hypoxia lead to? - Answer-vasoconstriction of
pulmonary vessels
What does prolonged hypoxia lead to? - Answer-
pulmonary hypertension
What factors affect alveolar-capillary diffusion? - Answer-
capillary permeability;
surface area available for diffusion;
concentration gradient for the gas;
distance for diffusion
What causes right shifts (decreased affinity) in
Hemoglobin-O2 affinity? - Answer-acidemia;
hyperthermia;
