WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM
Homeostasis - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -process by which organisms maintain a relatively
stable internal environment
Intracellular Fluid - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of body weight
- mainly in muscle cells
Extracellular Fluid - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of bodily fluids
- blood vessels
- skin tissues
- spinal cord
Diffusion - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -movement of fluid from an area of lower solute
concentration to a higher concentration
Filtration - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -water and solute movement occurs from an area of
high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure
,Osmolality - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -the number of osmotically active particles per kg
of water
Hypertonic - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -osmolality greater than 300.
Hypotonic - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -osmolality less than 300.
- osmotic pressure is more significant in the body
- fluids pulled from body into cell
An isotonic solution - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -0.09% normal saline
Interferons (IFNs) - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -type of cytokine that signals cells to
increase anti-viral defenses.
- are released by cells that are infected with a virus, causing other cells to become resistant
to the virus
- play a role in tumor suppression
Hypervolemia - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -fluid volume overload
Edema - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -swelling of soft tissues because of excess fluid
accumulation
Causes of edema include: - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER --Increased hydrostatic (water)
pressure
- Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema
- Renal Failure, Heart Failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
,- low albumin
- cirrhosis, starvation
- bacteria infections/burns
- obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
Symptoms of edema include: - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -- weight gain
- hypertension
- jugular vein distention
- ALOC (altered level of consciousness)
- weakness
- increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal failure
- Rapid RR (resp rate)
- shallow RR
- fluid in lungs
- diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites
- low lab values
Hypovolemia - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -fluid volume deficit
Symptoms of hypovolemia include: - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -- vomiting
- diarrhea
- hot body & sweating
- fever
- heat stroke
- thyroid crisis
- urination
, diabetes insipidus (DI) - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -insufficient secretion of antidiuretic
hormone (vasopressin)
Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER --primary complication of type 1
diabetes
-the body produces excess ketones into the blood
-also referred to as diabetic acidosis or diabetic coma
Diuretics - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -medications that reduce fluid volume in the body
- increase urine output
Name two diuretics - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide
Symptoms of 3 D's include: - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -- weight loss
- water loss
- low BP
- decreased CVP (central venous pressure)
- lethargy to coma
- weakness
- sunken eyes
- dry skin
- rapid and deep RR
- high lab values
EXAM
Homeostasis - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -process by which organisms maintain a relatively
stable internal environment
Intracellular Fluid - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of body weight
- mainly in muscle cells
Extracellular Fluid - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of bodily fluids
- blood vessels
- skin tissues
- spinal cord
Diffusion - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -movement of fluid from an area of lower solute
concentration to a higher concentration
Filtration - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -water and solute movement occurs from an area of
high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure
,Osmolality - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -the number of osmotically active particles per kg
of water
Hypertonic - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -osmolality greater than 300.
Hypotonic - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -osmolality less than 300.
- osmotic pressure is more significant in the body
- fluids pulled from body into cell
An isotonic solution - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -0.09% normal saline
Interferons (IFNs) - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -type of cytokine that signals cells to
increase anti-viral defenses.
- are released by cells that are infected with a virus, causing other cells to become resistant
to the virus
- play a role in tumor suppression
Hypervolemia - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -fluid volume overload
Edema - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -swelling of soft tissues because of excess fluid
accumulation
Causes of edema include: - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER --Increased hydrostatic (water)
pressure
- Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema
- Renal Failure, Heart Failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
,- low albumin
- cirrhosis, starvation
- bacteria infections/burns
- obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
Symptoms of edema include: - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -- weight gain
- hypertension
- jugular vein distention
- ALOC (altered level of consciousness)
- weakness
- increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal failure
- Rapid RR (resp rate)
- shallow RR
- fluid in lungs
- diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites
- low lab values
Hypovolemia - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -fluid volume deficit
Symptoms of hypovolemia include: - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -- vomiting
- diarrhea
- hot body & sweating
- fever
- heat stroke
- thyroid crisis
- urination
, diabetes insipidus (DI) - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -insufficient secretion of antidiuretic
hormone (vasopressin)
Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER --primary complication of type 1
diabetes
-the body produces excess ketones into the blood
-also referred to as diabetic acidosis or diabetic coma
Diuretics - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -medications that reduce fluid volume in the body
- increase urine output
Name two diuretics - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide
Symptoms of 3 D's include: - >THE: CORRECT ANSWER -- weight loss
- water loss
- low BP
- decreased CVP (central venous pressure)
- lethargy to coma
- weakness
- sunken eyes
- dry skin
- rapid and deep RR
- high lab values
