Full Test Bank - Human Biology: Concepts And Current
Issues 9th Edition, By Michael D. Johnson| Chapter 1-
24| 2025 Updated Version| Verified Answers
,CHAPTER 1. HUMAN BIOLOGY, SCIENCE, AND SOCIETY ................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER 2. THE CHEMISTRY OF LIVING THINGS ......................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER 3. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS ..................................................................................... 46
CHAPTER 4. FROM CELLS TO ORGAN SYSTEMS............................................................................................ 71
CHAPTER 5. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM............................................................................................................. 92
CHAPTER 6. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM ........................................................................................................111
CHAPTER 7. BLOOD ...................................................................................................................................131
CHAPTER 8. HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS ...................................................................................................152
CHAPTER 9. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND MECHANISMS OF DEFENSE ..........................................................176
CHAPTER 10. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: EXCHANGE OF GASES ................................................................201
CHAPTER 11. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: INTEGRATION AND CONTROL ..........................................................220
CHAPTER 12. SENSORY MECHANISMS .......................................................................................................244
CHAPTER 13. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ......................................................................................................265
CHAPTER 14. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AND NUTRITION ..............................................................................283
CHAPTER 15. THE URINARY SYSTEM ..........................................................................................................301
CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS .....................................................................................................318
CHAPTER 17. CELL REPRODUCTION AND DIFFERENTIATION .......................................................................337
CHAPTER 18. CANCER: UNCONTROLLED CELL DIVISION AND DIFFERENTIATION .........................................355
CHAPTER 19. GENETICS AND INHERITANCE ................................................................................................373
CHAPTER 20. DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING ...................................................................390
CHAPTER 21. DEVELOPMENT, MATURATION, AGING, AND DEATH .............................................................405
CHAPTER 22. EVOLUTION AND THE ORIGINS OF LIFE .................................................................................422
CHAPTER 23. ECOSYSTEMS AND POPULATIONS .........................................................................................441
CHAPTER 24. HUMAN IMPACTS, BIODIVERSITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES .........................................458
,Chapter 1. Human Biology, Science, And Society
1.1 multiple-choice questions
1) the branch of science that studies the natural world within the context of life is
A) biology.
B) geology.
C) chemistry.
D) physics.
E) medicine.
CORRECT ANS; A
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, focusing on their structure,
function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution. Unlike geology (study of earth),
chemistry (study of matter), physics (study of energy and forces), and medicine (application
of biology in health), biology specifically addresses life forms and their interactions with the
environment.
Topic: sec. 1.0
Bloom's: remembering/understanding lo: 1.0
Glo: g1
2) the process by which living organisms maintain a fairly constant internal environment
despite changes in the external environment is known as
A) metabolism.
B) biology.
C) homeostasis.
D) evolution.
E) chemistry.
CORRECT ANS; C
Homeostasis refers to the regulatory processes that organisms use to maintain stable internal
conditions (like temperature and ph) despite external changes. This is critical for survival, as
it allows organisms to function optimally regardless of external conditions.
Topic: sec. 1.1
Bloom's: remembering/understanding lo: 1.1
Glo: g1
3) molecules of life include which one of the following?
A) water, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
B) proteins, saturated fats, monosaccharides, but not polysaccharides
, C) lipids and proteins only
D) any noncarbon base molecule
E) nonsugar carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water
CORRECT ANS; A
The molecules of life include water, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. These
molecules are essential for various biological functions, including structure (proteins), energy
storage (carbohydrates), genetic information (nucleic acids), and cellular membranes (lipids).
Topic: sec. 1.1
Bloom's: remembering/understanding lo: 1.1
Glo: g1
4) which one of the following is a true statement?
A) molecules are considered to be the smallest unit capable of exhibiting all the
characteristics of life.
B) cells arise spontaneously from nonliving chemical elements.
C) all living things are made up of at least one cell.
D) cells are incapable of maintaining homeostasis because they are too small.
E) complex organisms can be unicellular.
CORRECT ANS; C
Statement c is true because all living organisms, from the simplest bacteria to complex
multicellular organisms like humans, are composed of at least one cell. This cell is the basic
unit of life, capable of carrying out essential functions.
Topic: sec. 1.1
Bloom's: remembering/understanding lo: 1.1
Glo: g1
5) which one of the following is a correct statement regarding metabolism?
A) few living organisms require raw materials and a constant source of energy.
B) plants get the raw materials they need for life processes entirely from the air.
C) cells maintain life through the breakdown of molecules and energy by chemical and
physical processes.
D) cells do not require energy to change molecules from one form to another.
E) animals use energy obtained directly from the sun and chemicals obtained from plants,
other animals, air, and water.
CORRECT ANS; C
Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions within cells, including those that break
down molecules to release energy and those that build up molecules. It is essential for
maintaining life, enabling growth, reproduction, and response to environmental changes.
Topic: sec. 1.1
Issues 9th Edition, By Michael D. Johnson| Chapter 1-
24| 2025 Updated Version| Verified Answers
,CHAPTER 1. HUMAN BIOLOGY, SCIENCE, AND SOCIETY ................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER 2. THE CHEMISTRY OF LIVING THINGS ......................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER 3. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS ..................................................................................... 46
CHAPTER 4. FROM CELLS TO ORGAN SYSTEMS............................................................................................ 71
CHAPTER 5. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM............................................................................................................. 92
CHAPTER 6. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM ........................................................................................................111
CHAPTER 7. BLOOD ...................................................................................................................................131
CHAPTER 8. HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS ...................................................................................................152
CHAPTER 9. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND MECHANISMS OF DEFENSE ..........................................................176
CHAPTER 10. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: EXCHANGE OF GASES ................................................................201
CHAPTER 11. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: INTEGRATION AND CONTROL ..........................................................220
CHAPTER 12. SENSORY MECHANISMS .......................................................................................................244
CHAPTER 13. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ......................................................................................................265
CHAPTER 14. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AND NUTRITION ..............................................................................283
CHAPTER 15. THE URINARY SYSTEM ..........................................................................................................301
CHAPTER 16. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS .....................................................................................................318
CHAPTER 17. CELL REPRODUCTION AND DIFFERENTIATION .......................................................................337
CHAPTER 18. CANCER: UNCONTROLLED CELL DIVISION AND DIFFERENTIATION .........................................355
CHAPTER 19. GENETICS AND INHERITANCE ................................................................................................373
CHAPTER 20. DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING ...................................................................390
CHAPTER 21. DEVELOPMENT, MATURATION, AGING, AND DEATH .............................................................405
CHAPTER 22. EVOLUTION AND THE ORIGINS OF LIFE .................................................................................422
CHAPTER 23. ECOSYSTEMS AND POPULATIONS .........................................................................................441
CHAPTER 24. HUMAN IMPACTS, BIODIVERSITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES .........................................458
,Chapter 1. Human Biology, Science, And Society
1.1 multiple-choice questions
1) the branch of science that studies the natural world within the context of life is
A) biology.
B) geology.
C) chemistry.
D) physics.
E) medicine.
CORRECT ANS; A
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, focusing on their structure,
function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution. Unlike geology (study of earth),
chemistry (study of matter), physics (study of energy and forces), and medicine (application
of biology in health), biology specifically addresses life forms and their interactions with the
environment.
Topic: sec. 1.0
Bloom's: remembering/understanding lo: 1.0
Glo: g1
2) the process by which living organisms maintain a fairly constant internal environment
despite changes in the external environment is known as
A) metabolism.
B) biology.
C) homeostasis.
D) evolution.
E) chemistry.
CORRECT ANS; C
Homeostasis refers to the regulatory processes that organisms use to maintain stable internal
conditions (like temperature and ph) despite external changes. This is critical for survival, as
it allows organisms to function optimally regardless of external conditions.
Topic: sec. 1.1
Bloom's: remembering/understanding lo: 1.1
Glo: g1
3) molecules of life include which one of the following?
A) water, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
B) proteins, saturated fats, monosaccharides, but not polysaccharides
, C) lipids and proteins only
D) any noncarbon base molecule
E) nonsugar carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water
CORRECT ANS; A
The molecules of life include water, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. These
molecules are essential for various biological functions, including structure (proteins), energy
storage (carbohydrates), genetic information (nucleic acids), and cellular membranes (lipids).
Topic: sec. 1.1
Bloom's: remembering/understanding lo: 1.1
Glo: g1
4) which one of the following is a true statement?
A) molecules are considered to be the smallest unit capable of exhibiting all the
characteristics of life.
B) cells arise spontaneously from nonliving chemical elements.
C) all living things are made up of at least one cell.
D) cells are incapable of maintaining homeostasis because they are too small.
E) complex organisms can be unicellular.
CORRECT ANS; C
Statement c is true because all living organisms, from the simplest bacteria to complex
multicellular organisms like humans, are composed of at least one cell. This cell is the basic
unit of life, capable of carrying out essential functions.
Topic: sec. 1.1
Bloom's: remembering/understanding lo: 1.1
Glo: g1
5) which one of the following is a correct statement regarding metabolism?
A) few living organisms require raw materials and a constant source of energy.
B) plants get the raw materials they need for life processes entirely from the air.
C) cells maintain life through the breakdown of molecules and energy by chemical and
physical processes.
D) cells do not require energy to change molecules from one form to another.
E) animals use energy obtained directly from the sun and chemicals obtained from plants,
other animals, air, and water.
CORRECT ANS; C
Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions within cells, including those that break
down molecules to release energy and those that build up molecules. It is essential for
maintaining life, enabling growth, reproduction, and response to environmental changes.
Topic: sec. 1.1
