Bio 161 Exam 2- Penn State
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_79km7q
1. Current flow of charged particles from one point to another. Requires an electrical
potential (voltage)
2. Potential also called an electrochemical gradient
3. resting membrane -70mV
potential
4. chemical gradient uneven distribution of molecules
5. Electrical gradient uneven distribution of charge (because molecules are ions)
6. Large anions unable to penetrate the plasma membrane give the cytoplasm a negative charge
relative to the ECF.
7. chemical diffusion requires concentration gradient for ions, molecules
8. Attraction/repul-
sion (electrical)
9. Leak channels channels that are always open and allow ions to move along their gradient
10. Na+/K+ pump Create chemical gradient of the ions
11. Dendrite short extensions off the cell; site for receiving signals from other neurons
12. Axon Extension away from the cell body; some can be myelinated to improve conduc-
tivity
13. Axon Hillock Cone shaped region of an axon where it joins the cell body.
14. Axon terminal The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored
15. Synapse Site of communication between neurons (in picture) or between a neuron and
a target tissue
1/5
, Bio 161 Exam 2- Penn State
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_79km7q
16. bipolar neurons one axon and one dendrite
17. multipolar neuron A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites; the most common type of
neuron in the nervous system.
18. psuedounipolar neurons whose cell bodies are found in the dorsal root
neurons
19. neuroglia supporting cells
20. Oligodendrocytes Type of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a myelin sheath.
21. Schwann cells Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the formation
of myelin.
22. ganglia clusters of cell bodies in the PNS
23. nerves bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system
with muscles, glands, and sense organs
24. fascicles bundles of muscle fibers
25. endoneurium surrounds individual neurons
26. Perineurium bundles neurons into fascicles
27. Epineurium provides a touch, outer layer
28. Cell body (soma) contains one nucleus
29. afferent neurons sensory neurons sometimes called receptors; start in PNS and travels to the CNS;
detect stimuli, and deliver info about environment or condition of the body to
the CNS.
30. Interneurons Located in CNS, functions to receive and integrate information
2/5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_79km7q
1. Current flow of charged particles from one point to another. Requires an electrical
potential (voltage)
2. Potential also called an electrochemical gradient
3. resting membrane -70mV
potential
4. chemical gradient uneven distribution of molecules
5. Electrical gradient uneven distribution of charge (because molecules are ions)
6. Large anions unable to penetrate the plasma membrane give the cytoplasm a negative charge
relative to the ECF.
7. chemical diffusion requires concentration gradient for ions, molecules
8. Attraction/repul-
sion (electrical)
9. Leak channels channels that are always open and allow ions to move along their gradient
10. Na+/K+ pump Create chemical gradient of the ions
11. Dendrite short extensions off the cell; site for receiving signals from other neurons
12. Axon Extension away from the cell body; some can be myelinated to improve conduc-
tivity
13. Axon Hillock Cone shaped region of an axon where it joins the cell body.
14. Axon terminal The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored
15. Synapse Site of communication between neurons (in picture) or between a neuron and
a target tissue
1/5
, Bio 161 Exam 2- Penn State
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_79km7q
16. bipolar neurons one axon and one dendrite
17. multipolar neuron A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites; the most common type of
neuron in the nervous system.
18. psuedounipolar neurons whose cell bodies are found in the dorsal root
neurons
19. neuroglia supporting cells
20. Oligodendrocytes Type of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a myelin sheath.
21. Schwann cells Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the formation
of myelin.
22. ganglia clusters of cell bodies in the PNS
23. nerves bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system
with muscles, glands, and sense organs
24. fascicles bundles of muscle fibers
25. endoneurium surrounds individual neurons
26. Perineurium bundles neurons into fascicles
27. Epineurium provides a touch, outer layer
28. Cell body (soma) contains one nucleus
29. afferent neurons sensory neurons sometimes called receptors; start in PNS and travels to the CNS;
detect stimuli, and deliver info about environment or condition of the body to
the CNS.
30. Interneurons Located in CNS, functions to receive and integrate information
2/5
