SEMMELWEIS ENTRANCE EXAM
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW WITH
SOLUTIONS 2026
◉ What is exocytosis? Answer: a process by which the contents of a
cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the
vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.
◉ What is endocytosis? Answer: the taking in of matter by a living
cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole
◉ What is the function of a cell membrane? Answer: The cell
membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also
protects and supports the cell
◉ Cell membrane diagram Answer:
◉ Describe the process of mitosis Answer: - Start with: Diploid, 2N
- Interphase: DNA replication = Dipoid, 4N
- Prophase: Condensation of chromatin,
appearance of sister chromatids
- Metaphase: Sister chromatids align
,- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate,
centromeres divide
- Telophase and Cytokinesis: Two identical,
diploid, daughter cells: Diploid, 2N
◉ Describe the process of meiosis Answer: When a cell divides to
form gametes:
1. Copies of the genetic information are made
2. The cell divides twice to form four gametes, each with a single set
of chromosomes
3. All gametes are genetically different from each other
Gametes join at fertilisation to restore the normal number of
chromosomes. The new cell divides by mitosis. The number of cells
increases. As the embryo develops, cells differentiate.
◉ When does crossing over occur? Answer: prophase I of meiosis
◉ When does recombination occur in meiosis? Answer: during
prophase I, when homologous chromosomes line up in pairs and
swap segments of DNA.
◉ What is the structure of prokaryotic cells? Answer:
, ◉ Example of prokaryotic cell Answer: E. coli
◉ Example of eukaryotic cell Answer: plant and animal cells
◉ What is the structure of eukaryotic cells? Answer:
◉ What is the structure of a virus? Answer: A typical virus is
composed of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
◉ What is transformation? Answer: uptake of DNA from
environment
◉ What is conjugation? Answer: A process in which 2 organisms
exchange genetic material
◉ What are all the parts to the digestive system? Answer:
◉ How does absorption occur? Answer: diffusion, facilitated
diffusion, osmosis, active transport
◉ How does absorption work? Answer: - food molecules are
absorbed into the blood or the lymph. To be absorbed in the body
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW WITH
SOLUTIONS 2026
◉ What is exocytosis? Answer: a process by which the contents of a
cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the
vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.
◉ What is endocytosis? Answer: the taking in of matter by a living
cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole
◉ What is the function of a cell membrane? Answer: The cell
membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also
protects and supports the cell
◉ Cell membrane diagram Answer:
◉ Describe the process of mitosis Answer: - Start with: Diploid, 2N
- Interphase: DNA replication = Dipoid, 4N
- Prophase: Condensation of chromatin,
appearance of sister chromatids
- Metaphase: Sister chromatids align
,- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate,
centromeres divide
- Telophase and Cytokinesis: Two identical,
diploid, daughter cells: Diploid, 2N
◉ Describe the process of meiosis Answer: When a cell divides to
form gametes:
1. Copies of the genetic information are made
2. The cell divides twice to form four gametes, each with a single set
of chromosomes
3. All gametes are genetically different from each other
Gametes join at fertilisation to restore the normal number of
chromosomes. The new cell divides by mitosis. The number of cells
increases. As the embryo develops, cells differentiate.
◉ When does crossing over occur? Answer: prophase I of meiosis
◉ When does recombination occur in meiosis? Answer: during
prophase I, when homologous chromosomes line up in pairs and
swap segments of DNA.
◉ What is the structure of prokaryotic cells? Answer:
, ◉ Example of prokaryotic cell Answer: E. coli
◉ Example of eukaryotic cell Answer: plant and animal cells
◉ What is the structure of eukaryotic cells? Answer:
◉ What is the structure of a virus? Answer: A typical virus is
composed of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
◉ What is transformation? Answer: uptake of DNA from
environment
◉ What is conjugation? Answer: A process in which 2 organisms
exchange genetic material
◉ What are all the parts to the digestive system? Answer:
◉ How does absorption occur? Answer: diffusion, facilitated
diffusion, osmosis, active transport
◉ How does absorption work? Answer: - food molecules are
absorbed into the blood or the lymph. To be absorbed in the body
