Microbiology, an Introduction, 12th
Edition Chapter 7 and 20 Test Bank
with Solved SOLUTIONS 2025-2026
Edition.
Antisepsis - Answer A chemical disinfection of the skin, mucous membranes, or other living
tissues
Disinfection - Answer The process of destroying vegetative pathogens, but not endospores
or viruses (may reduce or inhibit growth of these.) Usually does not sterilize.
Important Qualities of Disinfectants (agents applied to surfaces. - Answer 1. Acts fast.
2. Attacks all or a wide range of microbes
3. Can penetrate organisms.
4. Mixes readily with water- to make up needed solutions. Ex: 70% alcohol instead of 95%
alcohol
5. Not influenced by organic matter
6. Doesn't decompose
7. Doesn't destroy, corrode, or stain objects
8. Harmless to animals and human tissues
9. Economical-cheap, easily purchased
10. Has a pleasant odor
11. Safe to transport, lightweight container
**Alcohol has these 11 qualities and is a disinfectant**
Germicide - Answer A chemical agent that kills microbes (germ, bacteria, fungi, ect...)but,
does not usually kill their endospores.
-cide - Answer Means "kill"
Sterilization - Answer The process of destroying all forms of microbial life on an object or in a
material. Includes the destruction of endospores, which are the most resistant form of microbial
life. Sterilization is considered absolute, (all are dead). Indicators are used to determine if all
, Aseptic Techniques - Answer Designed to prevent the entry of pathogens into the body.
Surgical Asepsis - Answer Designed to exclude all microbes
Medical Asepsis - Answer Designed to exclude all microbes that are associated with
communicable diseases
Bacteriostasis - Answer A condition in which bacterial growth and multiplications are
inhibited, but the bacteria are not killed.
Fungistasis - Answer The inhibition of fungal growth
-stasis - Answer means "halt" or "inhibit"
Degerming - Answer The removal of transient microbes from the skin by use of mechanical
cleansing or antiseptics. Acts on live tissue (i.e. scrubbing before surgery.)
Conditions Influencing Microbial Control of Pathogens - Answer 1. Number of Organisms
2. Temperature
3. Type of Microbes
4. Physiological State
5. Environment
6. Presence of Organic material
(conditions influencing microbial control of pathogens)
#1-Number of Organisms - Answer The more pathogenic bacteria there are the more
problems. One solution may be organism seperation.
(conditions influencing microbial control of pathogens)
#2- Temperature - Answer Bacterial activity is due to temperature-dependent chemical
reactions. Chemical agents seem to work best in warm temperatures(37c). Bacterial proteins
are denatured (change shape, nature, activity and color) when it is too hot.
Edition Chapter 7 and 20 Test Bank
with Solved SOLUTIONS 2025-2026
Edition.
Antisepsis - Answer A chemical disinfection of the skin, mucous membranes, or other living
tissues
Disinfection - Answer The process of destroying vegetative pathogens, but not endospores
or viruses (may reduce or inhibit growth of these.) Usually does not sterilize.
Important Qualities of Disinfectants (agents applied to surfaces. - Answer 1. Acts fast.
2. Attacks all or a wide range of microbes
3. Can penetrate organisms.
4. Mixes readily with water- to make up needed solutions. Ex: 70% alcohol instead of 95%
alcohol
5. Not influenced by organic matter
6. Doesn't decompose
7. Doesn't destroy, corrode, or stain objects
8. Harmless to animals and human tissues
9. Economical-cheap, easily purchased
10. Has a pleasant odor
11. Safe to transport, lightweight container
**Alcohol has these 11 qualities and is a disinfectant**
Germicide - Answer A chemical agent that kills microbes (germ, bacteria, fungi, ect...)but,
does not usually kill their endospores.
-cide - Answer Means "kill"
Sterilization - Answer The process of destroying all forms of microbial life on an object or in a
material. Includes the destruction of endospores, which are the most resistant form of microbial
life. Sterilization is considered absolute, (all are dead). Indicators are used to determine if all
, Aseptic Techniques - Answer Designed to prevent the entry of pathogens into the body.
Surgical Asepsis - Answer Designed to exclude all microbes
Medical Asepsis - Answer Designed to exclude all microbes that are associated with
communicable diseases
Bacteriostasis - Answer A condition in which bacterial growth and multiplications are
inhibited, but the bacteria are not killed.
Fungistasis - Answer The inhibition of fungal growth
-stasis - Answer means "halt" or "inhibit"
Degerming - Answer The removal of transient microbes from the skin by use of mechanical
cleansing or antiseptics. Acts on live tissue (i.e. scrubbing before surgery.)
Conditions Influencing Microbial Control of Pathogens - Answer 1. Number of Organisms
2. Temperature
3. Type of Microbes
4. Physiological State
5. Environment
6. Presence of Organic material
(conditions influencing microbial control of pathogens)
#1-Number of Organisms - Answer The more pathogenic bacteria there are the more
problems. One solution may be organism seperation.
(conditions influencing microbial control of pathogens)
#2- Temperature - Answer Bacterial activity is due to temperature-dependent chemical
reactions. Chemical agents seem to work best in warm temperatures(37c). Bacterial proteins
are denatured (change shape, nature, activity and color) when it is too hot.
