NPB101 Exam Questions and Answers
Graded A+
What are the levels of organization in the body? - Correct answer-1. Chemical
(molecular)
2. Cell
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. System
6. Organism
Homeostasis - Correct answer-Dynamic steady-state of the internal environment;
not all physiological variables are maintained homeostatically; doesn't mean that
these variables are absolutely unchanging
What are examples of homeostatically regulated variables? - Correct answer-
Concentration of nutrient molecules, concentration of O2 and CO2, pH,
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,concentration of Ca2+, concentration of water, salt & other electrolytes, volumes
and pressures, body temperature
Extracellular fluid + what it is composed of - Correct answer-Fluid environment in
which cells live (fluid outside cells); composed of plasma & interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid - Correct answer-Fluid contained within the body cells
In order to maintain homeostasis, what must regulatory systems be able to do? -
Correct answer-1. SENSE deviations from normal in the environment that need to
be held within narrow limits
2. COMPARE this info w/ other relevant info
3. CONTROL=make appropriate adjustments in order to restore factor to its
desired value
Negative feedback system - Correct answer-Primary type of homeostatic
regulation, opposes initial change
Positive feedback system - Correct answer-don't occur as often as negative
feedback, less stable, amplifies an initial change, ex. uterine contractions
What can disruptions in homeostasis lead to? - Correct answer-Illness, death,
pathophysiology (abnormal functioning of the body associated with disease)
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,What are the principles of the cell theory? - Correct answer-1. Cells are living
building blocks of all plant & animal organisms
2. Cell = smallest structural & functional unit capable of carrying out life processes
3. Functional activities of each cell depend on specific structural properties of the
cell
4. Organism's structure and function ultimately depend on individual & collective
structural characteristics & functional capabilities of its cells
Nucleus - Correct answer-largest single organized cell component, enclosed by
double-layered nuclear envelope, contains cell's genetic material (DNA)
Functions of DNA? - Correct answer-Directs protein synthesis & serves as genetic
blueprint during cell replication
Cytoplasm - Correct answer-Portion of cell interior not occupied by the nucleus;
consists of organelles, cytosol, & cytoskeleton
Examples of organelles? - Correct answer-Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
apparatus, lysosome, mitochondria
Plasma membrane - Correct answer-AKA cell membrane, surrounds every cell,
separates cell content from its surroundings (ICF & ECF), controls movement b/t
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, cell & its environment, plays important role in ability of cell to respond to changes
in cell's environment
Structure of plasma membrane - Correct answer-Extremely thin layer of lipids &
protein that forms outer boundary of every cell; proteins attached to or inserted
within lipid bilayer;
Functions of plasma membrane - Correct answer-Forms basic structure of the
membrane, responsible for fluidity of membrane, hydrophobic interior serves as
barrier to passage of water soluble substances b/t ICF & ECF
Functions for membrane proteins? - Correct answer-1. Span membrane to form
water-filled pathways or channels across lipid bilayer
2. Serve as carrier molecules
3. Serve as docking-marker acceptors
4. Membrane-bound enzymes
5. Receptor sites
6. Cell adhesion molecules
7. Proteins on surface are important in cell's ability to recognize "self" & in cell-to-
cell interaction
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Graded A+
What are the levels of organization in the body? - Correct answer-1. Chemical
(molecular)
2. Cell
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. System
6. Organism
Homeostasis - Correct answer-Dynamic steady-state of the internal environment;
not all physiological variables are maintained homeostatically; doesn't mean that
these variables are absolutely unchanging
What are examples of homeostatically regulated variables? - Correct answer-
Concentration of nutrient molecules, concentration of O2 and CO2, pH,
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,concentration of Ca2+, concentration of water, salt & other electrolytes, volumes
and pressures, body temperature
Extracellular fluid + what it is composed of - Correct answer-Fluid environment in
which cells live (fluid outside cells); composed of plasma & interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid - Correct answer-Fluid contained within the body cells
In order to maintain homeostasis, what must regulatory systems be able to do? -
Correct answer-1. SENSE deviations from normal in the environment that need to
be held within narrow limits
2. COMPARE this info w/ other relevant info
3. CONTROL=make appropriate adjustments in order to restore factor to its
desired value
Negative feedback system - Correct answer-Primary type of homeostatic
regulation, opposes initial change
Positive feedback system - Correct answer-don't occur as often as negative
feedback, less stable, amplifies an initial change, ex. uterine contractions
What can disruptions in homeostasis lead to? - Correct answer-Illness, death,
pathophysiology (abnormal functioning of the body associated with disease)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,What are the principles of the cell theory? - Correct answer-1. Cells are living
building blocks of all plant & animal organisms
2. Cell = smallest structural & functional unit capable of carrying out life processes
3. Functional activities of each cell depend on specific structural properties of the
cell
4. Organism's structure and function ultimately depend on individual & collective
structural characteristics & functional capabilities of its cells
Nucleus - Correct answer-largest single organized cell component, enclosed by
double-layered nuclear envelope, contains cell's genetic material (DNA)
Functions of DNA? - Correct answer-Directs protein synthesis & serves as genetic
blueprint during cell replication
Cytoplasm - Correct answer-Portion of cell interior not occupied by the nucleus;
consists of organelles, cytosol, & cytoskeleton
Examples of organelles? - Correct answer-Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
apparatus, lysosome, mitochondria
Plasma membrane - Correct answer-AKA cell membrane, surrounds every cell,
separates cell content from its surroundings (ICF & ECF), controls movement b/t
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, cell & its environment, plays important role in ability of cell to respond to changes
in cell's environment
Structure of plasma membrane - Correct answer-Extremely thin layer of lipids &
protein that forms outer boundary of every cell; proteins attached to or inserted
within lipid bilayer;
Functions of plasma membrane - Correct answer-Forms basic structure of the
membrane, responsible for fluidity of membrane, hydrophobic interior serves as
barrier to passage of water soluble substances b/t ICF & ECF
Functions for membrane proteins? - Correct answer-1. Span membrane to form
water-filled pathways or channels across lipid bilayer
2. Serve as carrier molecules
3. Serve as docking-marker acceptors
4. Membrane-bound enzymes
5. Receptor sites
6. Cell adhesion molecules
7. Proteins on surface are important in cell's ability to recognize "self" & in cell-to-
cell interaction
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
