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1. Red flags of con- -sudden change in bowel habits
stipation and re- - weight loss of >10lbs
ferral to GI - blood in the stool
- anemia
- family hx of colon CA or IBS
- constipation resistant to treatment
- older than 50
2. red flags for - GI bleed
GERD and refer- - anemia
ral to GI - dysphagia
- odynophagia
- unintentional weight loss
- early satiety
- recurrent vomiting
- 55 years of age or older
3. Prerenal Due to decreased blood flow to kidneys
azotemia ex sepsis, decreased blood volume, dehydration
4. intrarenal failure direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced
blood supply
5. Post-renal Is the obstruction of the urine blow into the urinary tract: caused by severe
azotemia infection, tumors or stones. Post renal conditions have a high BUN/creatinine ratio
with an increased creatinine
6. shoulder im- Neer; Hawkins;
pingement tests
7. rotator cuff tests Empty Can Test
Drop Arm Test
Neer
, NUR 600 comprehensive final
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8. ottawa and pitts- <12 or >55 years old
burgh rules isolated tenderness over the patella
tenderness of the head of fibula
inability to flex 90 degrees
inability to bear weight or walk more than 4 steps in ED or immediately after
9. Menisucs injury McMurray's and Apley's test
test
10. MCL rapid local swelling
ecchymosis
laxity with lateral stress
localized tenderness
11. ACL cause patient to fall and need assistance
often audible pop
large hemorrhagic effusion
Positive Lauchman and drawer test
12. Asthma A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty,
coughing, and wheezing.
13. Asthma Step 1 SABA PRN
14. Asthma step 2 SABA prn
treatment Low dose ICS
15. Asthma step 3 SABA prn
treatment low dose ICS + LABA
OR
Med ICS
16.
, NUR 600 comprehensive final
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Asthma step 4 SABA prn
treatment Med ICS + LABA
17. Migrane with at least two attacks with gradual development of reversible manifestation such as
aura visual (lines, lights, or spots), numbness or paresis which preceded by the HA by
no more than an hours
18. Migraine without • Pain aggravated by routine physical activities,
aura (common - Pain unilateral & pulsating, pain accompanied by one of these symptoms: N&V,
migraine) photophobia (light sensitivity). or phonophobia (sound sensitivity)
• Headache lasts for 4-72 hours
• Occurs in early morning, during times of stress, or in those with premenstrual
tension or fluid retention
19. tension - lasts 30 mins to 7 days
headache - bilaterally affected
- pain is pressure or tightening
- *steady* pain *w/o* photophobia or phonophobia
- *NOT* aggravated by light or noise
- *NO aura*
20. cluster headache Unilateral, severe periorbital headache
- has to have on of the following tearing, conjunctival erythema, nasal congestion,
rhinorrhea, forehead or facial swelling, miosis, ptosis, eyelid edema
- lasting 15 mins to 4 hours
-HA occur every other day up to 8/day
21. Tension • Non-opioid analgesics, muscle relaxants, occasional opioids
headache • Ibuprofen plus caffeine
treatment avoid rebound HA
22. - headache diary of triggers
- non-pharmological treatment