C.A.L.T Exam Study Guide Exam
Questions and Answers Graded A+
Alexia - Correct answer-The loss of the ability to read, as the result of a brain
injury.
Apasia - Correct answer-Impairs the ability to speak and understand others.
Articulation - Correct answer-The act or manner of producing sounds.
Echolalia - Correct answer-Imitation of the mother's sounds, rhythm and tone.
Hyperlexia - Correct answer-The superior ability to reads words without
comprehension.
Lexicon - Correct answer-An inventory of word knowledge, either spoken or
written. EX: dictionary, encyclopedia
Otitis Media - Correct answer-Inflammation of the middle ear that can lead to
temporary conductive hearing loss or permanent hearing loss.
Receptive Language Disorder - Correct answer-The inability to understand or
comprehend language heard or read.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Expressive Language Disorder - Correct answer-The inability to put thoughts into
words or sentences in ways that make sense and is grammatically correct.
Phonology - Correct answer-Smallest unit of sound. The sounds of letters. Ex:
Cat=3 phonemes (c) (a) (t).
Syntax - Correct answer-The grammar system of language. The way words are
strung together. Ex: words and punctuation to form sentences, clauses or phrases.
Semantics - Correct answer-Word meaning in language. Ex: final destination = last
stop
Discourse - Correct answer-Written or spoken communication or debate. Ex:
Formal writing, a speech.
Morphology - Correct answer-The smallest unit of language that convey meaning.
Ex: Root words
Pragmatics - Correct answer-Incapable of understanding the speakers intent
(requests and tones) Ex: Can't you turn down the T.V.? = means no; not yes.
Alphabetic Language - Correct answer-A language in which letters are used
systematically to represent speech sounds.
Alphabetic Principle - Correct answer-The use of letters and letter clusters to
represent phonemes in an orthography. (spelling)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Anglo Saxon - Correct answer-The language of the Germanic peoples (Angles,
Saxons and Jutes) who settles in Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries. It was the
dominant language in Britain until the Norman Conquest in 1066.
Analytic Instruction - Correct answer-Instruction that separates the whole into its
parts to reveal its relationships. (Whole to Part) (Top Down) (Concept driven)
Analytic Phonics - Correct answer-Students hear the whole word and segment into
phonemes or sounds in order to spell. (whole to part) Ex: Pit = (p) (i) (t)
Antonyms - Correct answer-Words that are opposite in meaning. (semantics)
Arbitrary Learning - Correct answer-New learning that has no logical connection
to already acquired knowledge or practical relationships.
Auditory - Correct answer-relating to or experienced through hearing.
Visual Acuity - Correct answer-Sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to
discern letters or numbers at a given distance according to a fixed standard. EX:
20/20 vision
Bottom-up Process - Correct answer-Theoretical view of reading as a process that
consists of accurate sequential reading of every word. Comprehension is viewed as
text driven rather than concept driven. (Part to whole) (Start from the bottom)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Questions and Answers Graded A+
Alexia - Correct answer-The loss of the ability to read, as the result of a brain
injury.
Apasia - Correct answer-Impairs the ability to speak and understand others.
Articulation - Correct answer-The act or manner of producing sounds.
Echolalia - Correct answer-Imitation of the mother's sounds, rhythm and tone.
Hyperlexia - Correct answer-The superior ability to reads words without
comprehension.
Lexicon - Correct answer-An inventory of word knowledge, either spoken or
written. EX: dictionary, encyclopedia
Otitis Media - Correct answer-Inflammation of the middle ear that can lead to
temporary conductive hearing loss or permanent hearing loss.
Receptive Language Disorder - Correct answer-The inability to understand or
comprehend language heard or read.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Expressive Language Disorder - Correct answer-The inability to put thoughts into
words or sentences in ways that make sense and is grammatically correct.
Phonology - Correct answer-Smallest unit of sound. The sounds of letters. Ex:
Cat=3 phonemes (c) (a) (t).
Syntax - Correct answer-The grammar system of language. The way words are
strung together. Ex: words and punctuation to form sentences, clauses or phrases.
Semantics - Correct answer-Word meaning in language. Ex: final destination = last
stop
Discourse - Correct answer-Written or spoken communication or debate. Ex:
Formal writing, a speech.
Morphology - Correct answer-The smallest unit of language that convey meaning.
Ex: Root words
Pragmatics - Correct answer-Incapable of understanding the speakers intent
(requests and tones) Ex: Can't you turn down the T.V.? = means no; not yes.
Alphabetic Language - Correct answer-A language in which letters are used
systematically to represent speech sounds.
Alphabetic Principle - Correct answer-The use of letters and letter clusters to
represent phonemes in an orthography. (spelling)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Anglo Saxon - Correct answer-The language of the Germanic peoples (Angles,
Saxons and Jutes) who settles in Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries. It was the
dominant language in Britain until the Norman Conquest in 1066.
Analytic Instruction - Correct answer-Instruction that separates the whole into its
parts to reveal its relationships. (Whole to Part) (Top Down) (Concept driven)
Analytic Phonics - Correct answer-Students hear the whole word and segment into
phonemes or sounds in order to spell. (whole to part) Ex: Pit = (p) (i) (t)
Antonyms - Correct answer-Words that are opposite in meaning. (semantics)
Arbitrary Learning - Correct answer-New learning that has no logical connection
to already acquired knowledge or practical relationships.
Auditory - Correct answer-relating to or experienced through hearing.
Visual Acuity - Correct answer-Sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to
discern letters or numbers at a given distance according to a fixed standard. EX:
20/20 vision
Bottom-up Process - Correct answer-Theoretical view of reading as a process that
consists of accurate sequential reading of every word. Comprehension is viewed as
text driven rather than concept driven. (Part to whole) (Start from the bottom)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
