ASBOG FG Exam 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
Foot wall and hanging wall - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Foot wall - block that underlies
a non-vertical fault.
Hanging wall - block that overlies a non-vertical fault.
Regressive sequence - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Regression is the withdrawal of the
sea from land. A regressive sequence is represented by limestone overlain
by shale overlain by sandstone.
Order of deposition of evaporites - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Order of deposition:
calcium carbonate - calcite
,calcium sulfate - gypsum or anhydrite
sodium chloride - halite
magnesium sulfates and chlorates
sodium bromide and potassium chloride
What are the processes included in diagenesis? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Compaction, cementation, reworking, authigenesis, replacement by
secondary minerals, crystallization of secondary minerals, leaching,
hydration, bacterial action, formation of concretions.
Bowen's Reaction Series - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Sequence of minerals that form
in the process of fractional crystallization of a magma.
Transgressive sequence - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Transgression is the advance of
the sea onto land. A transgressive sequence is represented by sandstone
overlain by shale overlain by limestone.
What types of geomorphic features are diagnostic of faulting? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Sag ponds, offset ridges, fault scarps, triangular facets, aligned springs,
offset streams, scarplets.
,What types of features are indicative of faulting but often are not extensive
enough to be mapped? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Slickensides, grooving, drag,
gouge, mylonite.
What would cause a repetition or omission of units in cross section? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Faulting - in general, a reverse fault will cause repetition of
beds and normal faults will cause apparently missing beds.
What should be included on a complete geologic map? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Scale, north arrow, geologic symbols, and explanation. The explanation
must include all symbols originally on the map or added (incl. contacts,
structure symbols, streams, cross sections) and a stratigraphic column
depicting all units shown on the map and placing them from the oldest units
at the bottom to the youngest at the top. Include lithology, thickness, and
names of the units if available.
What type of V will a vertical bed display on a map? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A
vertical bed will have no V. A vertical bed crosses all variations of
topography with a straight line. This is also true of any vertical structural
feature such as a fault.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Casing - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A heavy metal pipe lowered into a borehole and
cemented in place to prevent cave-in, loss of drilling fluid, and unwanted
fluids from entering the borehole.
Law of Superposition - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The Law of Superposition states that
the oldest layer is on the bottom and the youngest layer is on top,
assuming no overturning. If the beds are overturned or vertical,
stratigraphic succession cannot be determined unless absolute ages of
units are known.
How are cross-cutting relationships used to determine relative ages? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔If cross-cutting relationships exist, the feature that is cut is
older than the feature that cuts across it. Rocks may be cut by intrusion,
faulting, unconformities, or replacement minerals.
Type locality - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Where a geologic feature (such as a fossil
species or geologic formation) was first recognized and describes.
Contains the type section.
Rule of V's - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The outcrop of a formation as it crosses a
valley forms a V shape (as viewed on a map). The V points in the direction
that the formation underlies the valley.
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
Foot wall and hanging wall - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Foot wall - block that underlies
a non-vertical fault.
Hanging wall - block that overlies a non-vertical fault.
Regressive sequence - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Regression is the withdrawal of the
sea from land. A regressive sequence is represented by limestone overlain
by shale overlain by sandstone.
Order of deposition of evaporites - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Order of deposition:
calcium carbonate - calcite
,calcium sulfate - gypsum or anhydrite
sodium chloride - halite
magnesium sulfates and chlorates
sodium bromide and potassium chloride
What are the processes included in diagenesis? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Compaction, cementation, reworking, authigenesis, replacement by
secondary minerals, crystallization of secondary minerals, leaching,
hydration, bacterial action, formation of concretions.
Bowen's Reaction Series - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Sequence of minerals that form
in the process of fractional crystallization of a magma.
Transgressive sequence - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Transgression is the advance of
the sea onto land. A transgressive sequence is represented by sandstone
overlain by shale overlain by limestone.
What types of geomorphic features are diagnostic of faulting? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Sag ponds, offset ridges, fault scarps, triangular facets, aligned springs,
offset streams, scarplets.
,What types of features are indicative of faulting but often are not extensive
enough to be mapped? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Slickensides, grooving, drag,
gouge, mylonite.
What would cause a repetition or omission of units in cross section? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Faulting - in general, a reverse fault will cause repetition of
beds and normal faults will cause apparently missing beds.
What should be included on a complete geologic map? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Scale, north arrow, geologic symbols, and explanation. The explanation
must include all symbols originally on the map or added (incl. contacts,
structure symbols, streams, cross sections) and a stratigraphic column
depicting all units shown on the map and placing them from the oldest units
at the bottom to the youngest at the top. Include lithology, thickness, and
names of the units if available.
What type of V will a vertical bed display on a map? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A
vertical bed will have no V. A vertical bed crosses all variations of
topography with a straight line. This is also true of any vertical structural
feature such as a fault.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Casing - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A heavy metal pipe lowered into a borehole and
cemented in place to prevent cave-in, loss of drilling fluid, and unwanted
fluids from entering the borehole.
Law of Superposition - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The Law of Superposition states that
the oldest layer is on the bottom and the youngest layer is on top,
assuming no overturning. If the beds are overturned or vertical,
stratigraphic succession cannot be determined unless absolute ages of
units are known.
How are cross-cutting relationships used to determine relative ages? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔If cross-cutting relationships exist, the feature that is cut is
older than the feature that cuts across it. Rocks may be cut by intrusion,
faulting, unconformities, or replacement minerals.
Type locality - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Where a geologic feature (such as a fossil
species or geologic formation) was first recognized and describes.
Contains the type section.
Rule of V's - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The outcrop of a formation as it crosses a
valley forms a V shape (as viewed on a map). The V points in the direction
that the formation underlies the valley.
