ABA BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS
QUESTIONS & SOLUTIONS(RATED
A+)
What is behavior? - ANSWER-*observable* movement of a living thing
-one or more dimensions that can be observed or measured
Skinner - ANSWER-experimental analysis of behavior
What is ABA? - ANSWER-the application of behavior laws to change *socially
significant* behavior to a *meaningful* degree
-*technological* (anyone else could *replicate*)
-long-*lasting*
A.B.A. - ANSWER-*Applied*: addresses *socially significant* behaviors
-*Behavior*: precise measurement of *observable* behavior
-*Analytic*: demonstrated *control* over the occurrence and non-occurrence of the
behavior
ABA also used for? - ANSWER-animal training
-general education
-business
-health and fitness
Reinforcement - ANSWER-*increases* behavior
-can be positive or negative
Positive reinforcement - ANSWER-*adding* something *good* to *increase* behavior
Negative reinforcement - ANSWER-*taking away* something *bad* to *increase*
behavior
Positive punishment - ANSWER-*adding* something *bad* to *decrease* behavior
-more *restrictive* than negative
Negative punishment - ANSWER-*taking away* something *good* to *decrease*
behavior
How to determine if it is punishment or reinforcement - ANSWER-what behavior
*changed*?
-did it *increase* or *decrease*?
-after the behavior, was something *added* or *taken away*?
,Most popular principle of behavior change - ANSWER-positive reinforcement
-basic building block of human behavior
Reinforcer - ANSWER-an *event* that *follows* a behavior and *increases* some
dimension of that behavior
Motivating Operations - ANSWER-variables in the *environment* that alter the relative
*value* at a particular time
-if thirsty; water = more valuable
-use MOs when deciding on *which reinforcers* to use at that moment
Variables of reinforcer effectiveness - ANSWER-deprivation
-immediacy
-size
-contingency
(DISC)
Deprivation as a variable of reinforcer effectiveness - ANSWER-when a person hasn't
had access to a particular reinforcer for a *significant period of time*
-(if you have been deprived of food, food will be more valuable (reinforcing))
Immediacy as a variable of reinforcer effectiveness - ANSWER-the more *immediate*
the reinforcer, the more *effective* it becomes
-(when telling jokes, immediate laughter is more rewarding than delayed)
Size as a variable of reinforcer effectiveness - ANSWER-*magnitude* of reinforcer
-($100 is more rewarding than $1)
Contingency as a variable of reinforcer effectiveness - ANSWER-when reinforcer is
delivered *only* for a *target* behavior, it becomes more *effective*
-(chocolate only for when you eat your veggies)
Schedules of reinforcement - ANSWER-specifies how *often* a particular behavior is
followed by a *reinforcer*
Main types of schedules of reinforcement - ANSWER-continuous
-intermittent
Continuous schedule of reinforcement - ANSWER-reinforced for *every* correct answer
-used when learning a *new* behavior
Intermittent schedules of reinforcement - ANSWER-behavior is reinforced *some* of the
time
-generates *high response* rates
-prevents the behavior from *stopping*
-used to *maintain* a behavior
, Types of intermittent schedules of reinforcement - ANSWER-*ratio* schedules of
reinforcement (*counting*)
-*interval* schedules of reinforcement (*time*)
Ratio schedules of reinforcement (and types) - ANSWER-based on *counting* number
of *responses* that have occurred since *last reinforcement*
-Types:
~*fixed ratio* schedule (FR)
~*variable ratio* schedule (VR)
Fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement (FR) - ANSWER-reinforcement after a *fixed*
number of responses
-($20 for every 3 machines assembled -- fixed ratio of 3 (*FR:3*))
-often produces *pause* after reinforcer (because they know the next attempt won't be
rewarded)
Variable ratio schedule of reinforcement (VR) - ANSWER-*average* number of
responses must be made before *reinforcer*
-(like a *slot machine*; don't know when reinforcer will be delivered)
-used in *education*
-doesn't produce *pause* like in FR
-(8 responses then 12, avg = 10 (*VR:10*))
-*most resistant* to *extinction* (learner is less likely to give up when they don't know
when they will be reinforced)
Interval schedules of reinforcement (and types) - ANSWER-based on passage of *time*
-*fixed interval* schedule
-*variable interval* schedule
Fixed interval schedule of reinforcement - ANSWER-person only gets the reinforcer
once the response is given after the *fixed* amount of *time*
-(walk next to teacher; get candy every 3 seconds)
Variable interval schedule of reinforcement - ANSWER-reinforcer is delivered for the
*first response* that occurs after a *variable* amount of *time*
Extinction - ANSWER-when the *response* is no longer *reinforced*
-behavior is *still occurring*, reinforcement is not
-may cause *extinction burst*
-may also cause *spontaneous recovery*
Extinction burst - ANSWER-a *brief* increase in *frequency*, *intensity*, and *duration*
before the problem behavior *decreases*
-basically trying to see if they will respond to a more intense behavior
QUESTIONS & SOLUTIONS(RATED
A+)
What is behavior? - ANSWER-*observable* movement of a living thing
-one or more dimensions that can be observed or measured
Skinner - ANSWER-experimental analysis of behavior
What is ABA? - ANSWER-the application of behavior laws to change *socially
significant* behavior to a *meaningful* degree
-*technological* (anyone else could *replicate*)
-long-*lasting*
A.B.A. - ANSWER-*Applied*: addresses *socially significant* behaviors
-*Behavior*: precise measurement of *observable* behavior
-*Analytic*: demonstrated *control* over the occurrence and non-occurrence of the
behavior
ABA also used for? - ANSWER-animal training
-general education
-business
-health and fitness
Reinforcement - ANSWER-*increases* behavior
-can be positive or negative
Positive reinforcement - ANSWER-*adding* something *good* to *increase* behavior
Negative reinforcement - ANSWER-*taking away* something *bad* to *increase*
behavior
Positive punishment - ANSWER-*adding* something *bad* to *decrease* behavior
-more *restrictive* than negative
Negative punishment - ANSWER-*taking away* something *good* to *decrease*
behavior
How to determine if it is punishment or reinforcement - ANSWER-what behavior
*changed*?
-did it *increase* or *decrease*?
-after the behavior, was something *added* or *taken away*?
,Most popular principle of behavior change - ANSWER-positive reinforcement
-basic building block of human behavior
Reinforcer - ANSWER-an *event* that *follows* a behavior and *increases* some
dimension of that behavior
Motivating Operations - ANSWER-variables in the *environment* that alter the relative
*value* at a particular time
-if thirsty; water = more valuable
-use MOs when deciding on *which reinforcers* to use at that moment
Variables of reinforcer effectiveness - ANSWER-deprivation
-immediacy
-size
-contingency
(DISC)
Deprivation as a variable of reinforcer effectiveness - ANSWER-when a person hasn't
had access to a particular reinforcer for a *significant period of time*
-(if you have been deprived of food, food will be more valuable (reinforcing))
Immediacy as a variable of reinforcer effectiveness - ANSWER-the more *immediate*
the reinforcer, the more *effective* it becomes
-(when telling jokes, immediate laughter is more rewarding than delayed)
Size as a variable of reinforcer effectiveness - ANSWER-*magnitude* of reinforcer
-($100 is more rewarding than $1)
Contingency as a variable of reinforcer effectiveness - ANSWER-when reinforcer is
delivered *only* for a *target* behavior, it becomes more *effective*
-(chocolate only for when you eat your veggies)
Schedules of reinforcement - ANSWER-specifies how *often* a particular behavior is
followed by a *reinforcer*
Main types of schedules of reinforcement - ANSWER-continuous
-intermittent
Continuous schedule of reinforcement - ANSWER-reinforced for *every* correct answer
-used when learning a *new* behavior
Intermittent schedules of reinforcement - ANSWER-behavior is reinforced *some* of the
time
-generates *high response* rates
-prevents the behavior from *stopping*
-used to *maintain* a behavior
, Types of intermittent schedules of reinforcement - ANSWER-*ratio* schedules of
reinforcement (*counting*)
-*interval* schedules of reinforcement (*time*)
Ratio schedules of reinforcement (and types) - ANSWER-based on *counting* number
of *responses* that have occurred since *last reinforcement*
-Types:
~*fixed ratio* schedule (FR)
~*variable ratio* schedule (VR)
Fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement (FR) - ANSWER-reinforcement after a *fixed*
number of responses
-($20 for every 3 machines assembled -- fixed ratio of 3 (*FR:3*))
-often produces *pause* after reinforcer (because they know the next attempt won't be
rewarded)
Variable ratio schedule of reinforcement (VR) - ANSWER-*average* number of
responses must be made before *reinforcer*
-(like a *slot machine*; don't know when reinforcer will be delivered)
-used in *education*
-doesn't produce *pause* like in FR
-(8 responses then 12, avg = 10 (*VR:10*))
-*most resistant* to *extinction* (learner is less likely to give up when they don't know
when they will be reinforced)
Interval schedules of reinforcement (and types) - ANSWER-based on passage of *time*
-*fixed interval* schedule
-*variable interval* schedule
Fixed interval schedule of reinforcement - ANSWER-person only gets the reinforcer
once the response is given after the *fixed* amount of *time*
-(walk next to teacher; get candy every 3 seconds)
Variable interval schedule of reinforcement - ANSWER-reinforcer is delivered for the
*first response* that occurs after a *variable* amount of *time*
Extinction - ANSWER-when the *response* is no longer *reinforced*
-behavior is *still occurring*, reinforcement is not
-may cause *extinction burst*
-may also cause *spontaneous recovery*
Extinction burst - ANSWER-a *brief* increase in *frequency*, *intensity*, and *duration*
before the problem behavior *decreases*
-basically trying to see if they will respond to a more intense behavior
