CORRECT WELL DETAILED ANSWERS|LATEST
Immunology is the study of - ANSWER physiological mechanisms that are used to
defend the body from invasion by foreign or infectious agents
In response to diseases caused by infectious agents, the body develops cells dedicated to
defense, these form... - ANSWER the immune system
protective/adaptive immunity takes time to develop while ________________________ can
_________ _______- and cause disease - ANSWER microorganisms can rapidly
multiply
Immunity involves two responses: - ANSWER 1. Flexible but specific defenses of the
adaptive immune response
2. Fixed defenses of the innate immune response
In adaptive = - ANSWER B and T cells
(you MUST inheret something from your parents)
To make B and T cells you need - ANSWER three segments of DNA that make a gene.
During vaccination we are given the strongest - ANSWER primary adaptive immune
response
microbes survive on ..... and release - ANSWER -animal and plant products
1
,-release digestive enzymes
microbes grow on - ANSWER living tissues (extracellular) where they are bathed in
nutrients
other intracellular microbes infect animal/human cells, utilizing - ANSWER host cell
sources
Some microbes are ________ and even __________ (ex:_____________) -
ANSWER some are harmless and helpful
ex: E. Coli
What is protecive immunity? - ANSWER People who survive a specific infection
become immune to it
To provide protective immunity, the immune system must first - ANSWER engage the
microorganism
What is the lag time between infection and protection? - ANSWER around 7 days
True or false, the first infection is the most dangerous one - ANSWER true
true or false, Disease is NOT prevented by prior exposure to an attenuated/killed infectious
agent - ANSWER false
Who recognized that only those who had recovered from the plague could nurse the sick
without becoming sick again? - ANSWER 430 BC- Thucydides
2
, During the fifteenth century- Chinese and Turks used what to induce immunity? What is this
called? - ANSWER dried crusts from smallpox pustules (inhaled or inserted into small
cuts in the skin "variolation")
Origins of immunology attributed to who? What did he discover? - ANSWER -Edward
Jenner
-Discovered in 1796 that cowpox "vaccinia" protected from human smallpox
a pathogen is - ANSWER Any organism with potential to cause disease
ex: Influenza and typhoid bacillus
Opportunistic pathogens cause disease if - ANSWER the body's defenses are
weakened or it gets into a part of the body it isn't normally found.
What are the four classes of pathogens? - ANSWER bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
Candida albicans- - ANSWER normal inhabitant of the human body, thrush & systemic
infections
Staphylococcus aureus- - ANSWER gram positive bacterium that colonizes human skin,
pimples & boils
Mycobacterium tuberculosis- - ANSWER causes tuberculosis
Over _____ microbial species in the human gut (normal flora) This is called - ANSWER -
1000
-Commensal bacteria (eat at the same table. Not harmful)
3
Immunology is the study of - ANSWER physiological mechanisms that are used to
defend the body from invasion by foreign or infectious agents
In response to diseases caused by infectious agents, the body develops cells dedicated to
defense, these form... - ANSWER the immune system
protective/adaptive immunity takes time to develop while ________________________ can
_________ _______- and cause disease - ANSWER microorganisms can rapidly
multiply
Immunity involves two responses: - ANSWER 1. Flexible but specific defenses of the
adaptive immune response
2. Fixed defenses of the innate immune response
In adaptive = - ANSWER B and T cells
(you MUST inheret something from your parents)
To make B and T cells you need - ANSWER three segments of DNA that make a gene.
During vaccination we are given the strongest - ANSWER primary adaptive immune
response
microbes survive on ..... and release - ANSWER -animal and plant products
1
,-release digestive enzymes
microbes grow on - ANSWER living tissues (extracellular) where they are bathed in
nutrients
other intracellular microbes infect animal/human cells, utilizing - ANSWER host cell
sources
Some microbes are ________ and even __________ (ex:_____________) -
ANSWER some are harmless and helpful
ex: E. Coli
What is protecive immunity? - ANSWER People who survive a specific infection
become immune to it
To provide protective immunity, the immune system must first - ANSWER engage the
microorganism
What is the lag time between infection and protection? - ANSWER around 7 days
True or false, the first infection is the most dangerous one - ANSWER true
true or false, Disease is NOT prevented by prior exposure to an attenuated/killed infectious
agent - ANSWER false
Who recognized that only those who had recovered from the plague could nurse the sick
without becoming sick again? - ANSWER 430 BC- Thucydides
2
, During the fifteenth century- Chinese and Turks used what to induce immunity? What is this
called? - ANSWER dried crusts from smallpox pustules (inhaled or inserted into small
cuts in the skin "variolation")
Origins of immunology attributed to who? What did he discover? - ANSWER -Edward
Jenner
-Discovered in 1796 that cowpox "vaccinia" protected from human smallpox
a pathogen is - ANSWER Any organism with potential to cause disease
ex: Influenza and typhoid bacillus
Opportunistic pathogens cause disease if - ANSWER the body's defenses are
weakened or it gets into a part of the body it isn't normally found.
What are the four classes of pathogens? - ANSWER bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
Candida albicans- - ANSWER normal inhabitant of the human body, thrush & systemic
infections
Staphylococcus aureus- - ANSWER gram positive bacterium that colonizes human skin,
pimples & boils
Mycobacterium tuberculosis- - ANSWER causes tuberculosis
Over _____ microbial species in the human gut (normal flora) This is called - ANSWER -
1000
-Commensal bacteria (eat at the same table. Not harmful)
3
