CORRECT WELL DETAILED ANSWERS|LATEST
Memory cells; plasma cells - ANSWER Centroycytes can be activated to become what?
Plasma Cells - ANSWER _____ can differentiate directly from: Activated B-cells ,
memory cells (or memory B cells), or Isotype switched, somatically hypermutated
centrocytes.
CR2 - ANSWER Binds to complement deposited on the pathogen by way of iC3b and
C3d derivatives of the C3b fragments
CD19 - ANSWER Signaling chain of the B-cell co-receptor
CD81 - ANSWER Protein that binds to CD19 and is essential in bringing it to the B-cell
surface
CR2;CD81(TAPA-1);CD19 - ANSWER What are the 3 protein components of the B-cell
co-receptor?
Factor I - ANSWER CR1 on B-cell that binds to C3b and becomes susceptible to
cleavage by what?
iC3b;C4d; complement receptor 1 (CR1) - ANSWER Factor I first gives what fragment?
followed by what fragment that is more stable? This process enables what to increase ligand
abundance for the B-cell co-receptor on the pathogens surface?
1
,C3d; Lyn ; CD19 - ANSWER CR2 binds to what nearby fragment? This brings the B-cell
receptor and co-receptor into juxtaposition setting the stage for the tyrosine kinase what?
This is bound to Igα, to phosphorylate the cytoplasmic tail of what?
B-cell receptor - ANSWER Phosphorylated CD19 binds to intracellular signaling
molecules that synergizes with those coming from the ___________
1,000-10,000 - ANSWER Simultaneous ligation of the B-cell receptor and co-receptor
increases overall signal ______ fold greatly increasing the B-cell's sensitivity to antigen.
infecting pathogen - ANSWER Antibodies recruit "destructive, nonspecific" immune
system components to the what?
destroy the pathogen - ANSWER Antibodies bind and link the pathogen to effector
molecules or cells that will do what?
NO! Additional signals are required to "activate" a mature naïve B cell - ANSWER Is X-
linking of the BCR by Ag sufficient to activate a mature naïve B cell?
Thymus independent antigens - ANSWER What does TI mean?
Thymus dependent antigens - ANSWER What does TD mean?
DiGeorges syndrome - ANSWER Infants with ______________ have no thymus
therefore lack T-cells to help activate TD (Thymus Dependent) B-cells.
thymus transplant - ANSWER In DiGeorge syndrome , Infants will die in early childhood
unless given ________________
2
, cross-linking - ANSWER B cell activation requires __ of B cell receptors by antigen,
which results in clustering
helper CD4 T cells - ANSWER TD antigens activate B cells in the secondary lymphoid
tissue where B cells, specific antigen and helper ____ are brought together
TI-1 - ANSWER Bind to BCR and other receptors on B cells, and induces the B cell to
proliferate and differentiate (example LPS binding to TLR)
TI-2 - ANSWER Bind to repetitive Antigens and cause extensive cross-linking of BCR's
that no additional signal is needed to activate B-1 cell (override CD14 for help) an example is
cell-wall polysaccharides of streptococcus pneumoniae
LBP; LPS; LPS - ANSWER TI-1 antigen uses _____ ( a soluble LPS binding protein ) binds
to BCR after its formed a _____ complex and other receptor on B-cells, such as ____ binding
to CD14/TLR
B cells; CD4 T cells - ANSWER TD antigens activate ______ in secondary lymphoid
tissues; where specific antigens and _____ are brought together
pathogens surface; IgM - ANSWER TI-2 provide repetitive carbohydrates or protein
epitopes at a high density on a ____________. The major Isotype secreted is ____________.
TI-1; TI-2 - ANSWER Two types of TI antigens are what?
CD40 ligand ; CD40 - ANSWER After T cells and B cells form a conjugate pair
interaction induces the T cell to express _____ which then binds to B-cells _______
NFkB; ICAM-1; LFA-1 - ANSWER The B cell activates transcription factor ____ which
increases surface expression of adhesion molecule ______, which engages intregrin
__________ on the T cell.
3
Memory cells; plasma cells - ANSWER Centroycytes can be activated to become what?
Plasma Cells - ANSWER _____ can differentiate directly from: Activated B-cells ,
memory cells (or memory B cells), or Isotype switched, somatically hypermutated
centrocytes.
CR2 - ANSWER Binds to complement deposited on the pathogen by way of iC3b and
C3d derivatives of the C3b fragments
CD19 - ANSWER Signaling chain of the B-cell co-receptor
CD81 - ANSWER Protein that binds to CD19 and is essential in bringing it to the B-cell
surface
CR2;CD81(TAPA-1);CD19 - ANSWER What are the 3 protein components of the B-cell
co-receptor?
Factor I - ANSWER CR1 on B-cell that binds to C3b and becomes susceptible to
cleavage by what?
iC3b;C4d; complement receptor 1 (CR1) - ANSWER Factor I first gives what fragment?
followed by what fragment that is more stable? This process enables what to increase ligand
abundance for the B-cell co-receptor on the pathogens surface?
1
,C3d; Lyn ; CD19 - ANSWER CR2 binds to what nearby fragment? This brings the B-cell
receptor and co-receptor into juxtaposition setting the stage for the tyrosine kinase what?
This is bound to Igα, to phosphorylate the cytoplasmic tail of what?
B-cell receptor - ANSWER Phosphorylated CD19 binds to intracellular signaling
molecules that synergizes with those coming from the ___________
1,000-10,000 - ANSWER Simultaneous ligation of the B-cell receptor and co-receptor
increases overall signal ______ fold greatly increasing the B-cell's sensitivity to antigen.
infecting pathogen - ANSWER Antibodies recruit "destructive, nonspecific" immune
system components to the what?
destroy the pathogen - ANSWER Antibodies bind and link the pathogen to effector
molecules or cells that will do what?
NO! Additional signals are required to "activate" a mature naïve B cell - ANSWER Is X-
linking of the BCR by Ag sufficient to activate a mature naïve B cell?
Thymus independent antigens - ANSWER What does TI mean?
Thymus dependent antigens - ANSWER What does TD mean?
DiGeorges syndrome - ANSWER Infants with ______________ have no thymus
therefore lack T-cells to help activate TD (Thymus Dependent) B-cells.
thymus transplant - ANSWER In DiGeorge syndrome , Infants will die in early childhood
unless given ________________
2
, cross-linking - ANSWER B cell activation requires __ of B cell receptors by antigen,
which results in clustering
helper CD4 T cells - ANSWER TD antigens activate B cells in the secondary lymphoid
tissue where B cells, specific antigen and helper ____ are brought together
TI-1 - ANSWER Bind to BCR and other receptors on B cells, and induces the B cell to
proliferate and differentiate (example LPS binding to TLR)
TI-2 - ANSWER Bind to repetitive Antigens and cause extensive cross-linking of BCR's
that no additional signal is needed to activate B-1 cell (override CD14 for help) an example is
cell-wall polysaccharides of streptococcus pneumoniae
LBP; LPS; LPS - ANSWER TI-1 antigen uses _____ ( a soluble LPS binding protein ) binds
to BCR after its formed a _____ complex and other receptor on B-cells, such as ____ binding
to CD14/TLR
B cells; CD4 T cells - ANSWER TD antigens activate ______ in secondary lymphoid
tissues; where specific antigens and _____ are brought together
pathogens surface; IgM - ANSWER TI-2 provide repetitive carbohydrates or protein
epitopes at a high density on a ____________. The major Isotype secreted is ____________.
TI-1; TI-2 - ANSWER Two types of TI antigens are what?
CD40 ligand ; CD40 - ANSWER After T cells and B cells form a conjugate pair
interaction induces the T cell to express _____ which then binds to B-cells _______
NFkB; ICAM-1; LFA-1 - ANSWER The B cell activates transcription factor ____ which
increases surface expression of adhesion molecule ______, which engages intregrin
__________ on the T cell.
3
