NRSG 357: OP and OA Exam Questions
and Answers Graded A+
Define osteopenia - Correct answer-bone loss that is more than normal but not yet
at the level for a diagnosis of osteoporosis
Define osteoporosis (OP) - Correct answer--chronic, progressive metabolic bone
disease marked by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to
increased bone fragility and can lose it function
-Due to imbalance between reabsorption and deposition (resorption exceeds
deposition)
-aka "silent thief"
Where do spontaneous fractures occur? - Correct answer-hips, vertebra, ribs
What are risk factors for OP? - Correct answer--Advancing age >65
-Female gender
-Low body weight
-White or Asian ethnicity
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,-Current cigarette smoking
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Estrogen deficiency in women
-Family history of osteoporosis
-Diet low in calcium or vitamin D deficiency
-Excessive use of alcohol
-Low testosterone in men
-Long term use of corticosteroids, thyroid replacement, heparin, long acting
sedatives, or antiseizure drugs
What prevention can be done for OP? - Correct answer--Adequate vitamin D
intake
-Adequate calcium intake
-Foods high in calcium: milk, yogurt, turnip greens, cottage cheese, ice cream,
sardines and spinach
-Regular physical activity
What is the etiology and pathology of OP? - Correct answer-Peak bone mass is
achieved before age 20 and is determined by: heredity, nutrition, exercise, and
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, hormone function. Bone loss from midlife onward is inevitable. Bone is
continually being deposited by osteoblasts and resorbed by osteoclasts, rates of
bone deposition and resorption are usually equal so total bone mass remains
constant. In osteoporosis, bone resorption exceeds bone deposition.
What are symptoms/complications of OP? - Correct answer--Occurs most often in
bones of the spine, hips, wrists, ribs
-A person who has one vertebral fracture from osteoporosis has an increased risk of
a second one within one year
-Won't see fracture in x-ray
-Will become shorter
-Humped thoracic spine (kyphosis or "dowager's hump")
What are early manifestations of OP? - Correct answer--back pain and spontaneous
fractures
-Loss of bone mass causes bones to become mechanically weaker and prone to
spontaneous fractures or fractures from minimal trauma
-Micro-fractures freq (bones break, little pieces at a time)
-Pain: back pain, pain in legs
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and Answers Graded A+
Define osteopenia - Correct answer-bone loss that is more than normal but not yet
at the level for a diagnosis of osteoporosis
Define osteoporosis (OP) - Correct answer--chronic, progressive metabolic bone
disease marked by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to
increased bone fragility and can lose it function
-Due to imbalance between reabsorption and deposition (resorption exceeds
deposition)
-aka "silent thief"
Where do spontaneous fractures occur? - Correct answer-hips, vertebra, ribs
What are risk factors for OP? - Correct answer--Advancing age >65
-Female gender
-Low body weight
-White or Asian ethnicity
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,-Current cigarette smoking
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Estrogen deficiency in women
-Family history of osteoporosis
-Diet low in calcium or vitamin D deficiency
-Excessive use of alcohol
-Low testosterone in men
-Long term use of corticosteroids, thyroid replacement, heparin, long acting
sedatives, or antiseizure drugs
What prevention can be done for OP? - Correct answer--Adequate vitamin D
intake
-Adequate calcium intake
-Foods high in calcium: milk, yogurt, turnip greens, cottage cheese, ice cream,
sardines and spinach
-Regular physical activity
What is the etiology and pathology of OP? - Correct answer-Peak bone mass is
achieved before age 20 and is determined by: heredity, nutrition, exercise, and
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, hormone function. Bone loss from midlife onward is inevitable. Bone is
continually being deposited by osteoblasts and resorbed by osteoclasts, rates of
bone deposition and resorption are usually equal so total bone mass remains
constant. In osteoporosis, bone resorption exceeds bone deposition.
What are symptoms/complications of OP? - Correct answer--Occurs most often in
bones of the spine, hips, wrists, ribs
-A person who has one vertebral fracture from osteoporosis has an increased risk of
a second one within one year
-Won't see fracture in x-ray
-Will become shorter
-Humped thoracic spine (kyphosis or "dowager's hump")
What are early manifestations of OP? - Correct answer--back pain and spontaneous
fractures
-Loss of bone mass causes bones to become mechanically weaker and prone to
spontaneous fractures or fractures from minimal trauma
-Micro-fractures freq (bones break, little pieces at a time)
-Pain: back pain, pain in legs
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
