ESSENTIALS OF ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1️⃣
Reference: Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the Body
— Levels of Organization
Stem: A patient has a myocardial infarction where part of the
heart muscle loses blood supply and can no longer contract.
Which level of organization is primarily responsible for restoring
coordinated contraction if surviving cardiac muscle cells regain
function?
A. Cellular level
B. Tissue level
C. Organ level
D. System level
,Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• Correct (C): The heart acting as an organ is the functional
unit that produces coordinated contraction; restoring
organ-level structure and function (integrated muscle
tissue, conducting system, and blood supply) returns
effective pumping. Scanlon & Sanders describe organs as
composed of tissues that perform a common function.
• A: Cellular recovery is necessary but insufficient; individual
cell viability doesn't guarantee coordinated pumping
without intact organ architecture.
• B: Tissue-level repair (cardiac muscle tissue) is important,
but coordination of tissues (muscle, conduction, vessels)
occurs at the organ level.
• D: The circulatory system (system level) depends on the
heart as an organ; restoring the whole system requires the
organ to function first.
Teaching Point: Organs integrate different tissues to produce
specific, coordinated functions.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2️⃣
,Reference: Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the Body
— Levels of Organization
Stem: A patient’s wound exhibits abnormal scar tissue that
reduces mobility across a joint by stiffening connective tissue.
Which explanation best links this problem to levels of
organization?
A. Cellular mutation alone increased stiffness.
B. Tissue remodeling altered organ function at the joint.
C. System failure caused the scar formation.
D. Whole-body homeostasis directly created the scar.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Excessive connective tissue deposition is
tissue-level remodeling affecting the joint (organ)
function—illustrating how tissue changes impair organ
mobility. Scanlon & Sanders explain how tissues form
organs whose function depends on tissue structure.
• A: Cellular changes contribute, but stiffness results from
organized tissue remodeling, not a single-cell mutation.
• C: A system-level failure is too broad; scar formation is
localized tissue response.
• D: Homeostasis attempts to restore balance but does not
directly “create” scar tissue; scarring is a local repair
process.
, Teaching Point: Tissue structure determines organ function;
abnormal tissue remodeling impairs organ performance.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3️⃣
Reference: Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the Body
— Metabolism and Homeostasis
Stem: A postoperative patient develops a low-grade fever.
Which physiological interpretation best matches a homeostatic
response to surgery?
A. Positive feedback amplifying temperature to a new set point.
B. Negative feedback allowing temperature to remain stable.
C. Acute-phase metabolic increase raising the set point via
hypothalamic regulation.
D. Loss of homeostatic control causing relentless hyperthermia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• Correct (C): Postoperative fever often reflects an acute-
phase metabolic response; cytokines raise the
hypothalamic set point, leading to a controlled increase in
body temperature—consistent with homeostatic
adjustments described by Scanlon & Sanders.
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1️⃣
Reference: Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the Body
— Levels of Organization
Stem: A patient has a myocardial infarction where part of the
heart muscle loses blood supply and can no longer contract.
Which level of organization is primarily responsible for restoring
coordinated contraction if surviving cardiac muscle cells regain
function?
A. Cellular level
B. Tissue level
C. Organ level
D. System level
,Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• Correct (C): The heart acting as an organ is the functional
unit that produces coordinated contraction; restoring
organ-level structure and function (integrated muscle
tissue, conducting system, and blood supply) returns
effective pumping. Scanlon & Sanders describe organs as
composed of tissues that perform a common function.
• A: Cellular recovery is necessary but insufficient; individual
cell viability doesn't guarantee coordinated pumping
without intact organ architecture.
• B: Tissue-level repair (cardiac muscle tissue) is important,
but coordination of tissues (muscle, conduction, vessels)
occurs at the organ level.
• D: The circulatory system (system level) depends on the
heart as an organ; restoring the whole system requires the
organ to function first.
Teaching Point: Organs integrate different tissues to produce
specific, coordinated functions.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2️⃣
,Reference: Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the Body
— Levels of Organization
Stem: A patient’s wound exhibits abnormal scar tissue that
reduces mobility across a joint by stiffening connective tissue.
Which explanation best links this problem to levels of
organization?
A. Cellular mutation alone increased stiffness.
B. Tissue remodeling altered organ function at the joint.
C. System failure caused the scar formation.
D. Whole-body homeostasis directly created the scar.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Excessive connective tissue deposition is
tissue-level remodeling affecting the joint (organ)
function—illustrating how tissue changes impair organ
mobility. Scanlon & Sanders explain how tissues form
organs whose function depends on tissue structure.
• A: Cellular changes contribute, but stiffness results from
organized tissue remodeling, not a single-cell mutation.
• C: A system-level failure is too broad; scar formation is
localized tissue response.
• D: Homeostasis attempts to restore balance but does not
directly “create” scar tissue; scarring is a local repair
process.
, Teaching Point: Tissue structure determines organ function;
abnormal tissue remodeling impairs organ performance.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3️⃣
Reference: Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the Body
— Metabolism and Homeostasis
Stem: A postoperative patient develops a low-grade fever.
Which physiological interpretation best matches a homeostatic
response to surgery?
A. Positive feedback amplifying temperature to a new set point.
B. Negative feedback allowing temperature to remain stable.
C. Acute-phase metabolic increase raising the set point via
hypothalamic regulation.
D. Loss of homeostatic control causing relentless hyperthermia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• Correct (C): Postoperative fever often reflects an acute-
phase metabolic response; cytokines raise the
hypothalamic set point, leading to a controlled increase in
body temperature—consistent with homeostatic
adjustments described by Scanlon & Sanders.
