CELL BIO 311 Questions and Answers | Latest
Update | 100% Correct.
Why is mRNA good for the COVID-19 vaccine?
-production is quicker
-Quick administration (injection)
-serves as instructions for the body to make microbial proteins
What is a problem of mRNA in the COVID vaccine? What is the solution?
Problem: mRNA causes an immune reaction and could be degrading to the body.
Solution: change a few of the protein? bases, AKA modified mRNA
nano-thylakoid units (NTU)
-engineered mini chloroplasts
-could be inserted into degenerating cells of humans creating photosynthetic human cells (tested
on mice)
-NTUs produce ATP and NADPH and can prevent aging and diseases
Anitmitotic drug
-easily synthesized and can inhibit the growth of tumor cells by halting cells in mitosis
-not toxic to normal cells
Tissue engineering
-a sub-discipline of regenerative medicine
-building tissue in the lab that can use adult stem cells, somatic cells or human embryonic stem
,cells
-artificial organs and tissues
"paneth" cells (in tissue engineering)
-defend the intestine from pathogens with secreted proteins called "defensins"
Cardiac organoids
-could be used in the future as "bandaids" following a cardiac trauma or could be used for drug
discovery
-we have a lab in bing doing this now!
"self-boosting vaccines"
-a process in which micro-particles containing a vaccine are implanted under the skin and "time-
tuned" to release several "shots"
-can be more useful in places where people do not have frequent access to medicine
Nanomedicine
-The use of nanoparticles to treat disease.
-suicide genes have been packaged into biodegradable nanoparticles that can be taken into cancer
cells to kill them from the activation of these suicide genes.
CRISPER-Cas9
a unique technology that enables geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of the genome
by removing, adding or altering sections of the DNA sequence
CRISPER-Cas9 misuse
, -Chinese scientists tried to correct diseases in human embryos
-germline-editied babies
-deemed unethical: jail time
VERVE-101
-a base editor mRNA that makes a single adenine to guanine change in the DNA genetic
sequence
-increases the number of LDL receptors, thus, lowering cholesterol
Synthetic Biology
the engineering discipline that encompasses the synthesis or creation of complex, biologically
based or inspired systems which display function that do not exist in nature using cell/molecular
biology tools with techniques
bispecific, trifunctional antibodies
they bring tumor cells together with killer T cells and Accessory cells so that the T cells can kill
the cancer cells
"optogenetically responsive mitochondria"
-generate more ATP from mitochondria
-cells with light sensitive proton pump in the mitochondria when illuminated makes more
protons pump so more ATP is generated
-these organisms are healthier and their lifespan is extended due to more ATP production
"labs on a chip"
Update | 100% Correct.
Why is mRNA good for the COVID-19 vaccine?
-production is quicker
-Quick administration (injection)
-serves as instructions for the body to make microbial proteins
What is a problem of mRNA in the COVID vaccine? What is the solution?
Problem: mRNA causes an immune reaction and could be degrading to the body.
Solution: change a few of the protein? bases, AKA modified mRNA
nano-thylakoid units (NTU)
-engineered mini chloroplasts
-could be inserted into degenerating cells of humans creating photosynthetic human cells (tested
on mice)
-NTUs produce ATP and NADPH and can prevent aging and diseases
Anitmitotic drug
-easily synthesized and can inhibit the growth of tumor cells by halting cells in mitosis
-not toxic to normal cells
Tissue engineering
-a sub-discipline of regenerative medicine
-building tissue in the lab that can use adult stem cells, somatic cells or human embryonic stem
,cells
-artificial organs and tissues
"paneth" cells (in tissue engineering)
-defend the intestine from pathogens with secreted proteins called "defensins"
Cardiac organoids
-could be used in the future as "bandaids" following a cardiac trauma or could be used for drug
discovery
-we have a lab in bing doing this now!
"self-boosting vaccines"
-a process in which micro-particles containing a vaccine are implanted under the skin and "time-
tuned" to release several "shots"
-can be more useful in places where people do not have frequent access to medicine
Nanomedicine
-The use of nanoparticles to treat disease.
-suicide genes have been packaged into biodegradable nanoparticles that can be taken into cancer
cells to kill them from the activation of these suicide genes.
CRISPER-Cas9
a unique technology that enables geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of the genome
by removing, adding or altering sections of the DNA sequence
CRISPER-Cas9 misuse
, -Chinese scientists tried to correct diseases in human embryos
-germline-editied babies
-deemed unethical: jail time
VERVE-101
-a base editor mRNA that makes a single adenine to guanine change in the DNA genetic
sequence
-increases the number of LDL receptors, thus, lowering cholesterol
Synthetic Biology
the engineering discipline that encompasses the synthesis or creation of complex, biologically
based or inspired systems which display function that do not exist in nature using cell/molecular
biology tools with techniques
bispecific, trifunctional antibodies
they bring tumor cells together with killer T cells and Accessory cells so that the T cells can kill
the cancer cells
"optogenetically responsive mitochondria"
-generate more ATP from mitochondria
-cells with light sensitive proton pump in the mitochondria when illuminated makes more
protons pump so more ATP is generated
-these organisms are healthier and their lifespan is extended due to more ATP production
"labs on a chip"
