WGU D027 – 2 EXAM QUESTIONS &
ACTUAL CORRECT ANSWERS
Loop Diuretics - correct answer ✔✔Prefix "emide" Furosemide.
Mechanism of action: Block water reabsorption in the loop of Henle of the nephron. Increases
urine output.
AE: decreased K+, decreased BP, Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity.
Contradictions: auditory, renal impartments
During diastole, which part of the heart is filling with blood? - correct answer ✔✔Both
ventricles. Systole reflects the perfusing pressure of the cardiovascular system where the
ventricles eject blood from the heart. Once complete, a resting period—diastole—follows,
where blood must refill the ventricles directly from the collection that occurred in the atria.
Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? - correct answer ✔✔Pulmonary vein. The
superior vena cava carries all the deoxygenated blood from peripheral circulation back to the
heart where it enters the right atrium to be pumped into the right ventricle. The right ventricle
pumps to the lungs for oxygenation via the pulmonary artery. After pulmonary circulation, the
oxygenated blood is carried back to the heart via the pulmonary vein.
What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm? - correct answer
✔✔Erodes the vessel wall .Atherosclerosis, also known as the process of "hardening of the
arteries" and secondary to plaque formation, weakens the flexibility of a blood vessel wall.
Without vascular compliance, the vessel wall becomes more rigid and susceptible to rupture
(i.e., an aneurysm).
Which complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations? -
correct answer ✔✔The QRS wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) represents the largest
spike in electrical activity of the heart, as ventricular muscle cells perform the highest burden of
work to pump blood volume out of the heart in that instance.
,Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with
hypertension? - correct answer ✔✔Angiotensin II leads to myocardial hypertrophy, poor
myocardial compliance, and ventricular dilation through stimulating increased cardiac preload
and afterload and direct toxicity to myocardial cells. It causes sarcomere death, abnormal
collagen matrices, and interstitial fibrosis
Most cardiovascular developments occur between which weeks of gestation? - correct answer
✔✔During weeks four to seven, the primitive heart tube progresses through numerous stages
of development leading to a developed heart with distinct atria, ventricles, and cardiac vessels.
Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with tetralogy of
Fallot (TOF) to relieve hypoxic spells? - correct answer ✔✔Spontaneous squatting helps relieve
hypercyanotic events in older children through increasing systemic vascular resistance,
decreasing venous blood return. This provides a larger amount of oxygenated blood for the
body and leads to the temporary reversal of blood through the ventricular septal defect (VSD),
which results in increased pulmonary flow. Squatting is rarely seen clinically because most TOF
defects are diagnosed and surgically repaired in infancy
Which condition is consistent with the cardiac defect of transposition of the great vessels? -
correct answer ✔✔The aorta arises from the right ventricle. In transposition of the great
vessels, opposite of a normal heart, the aorta arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary
artery arises from the left ventricle.
A 26-year-old female presents to urgent care with complaints of extreme fatigue, muscle aches,
abdominal pain, numbness and tingling in her extremities, and bloating. She explains that she
has been experiencing gastrointestinal upset after meals and has not had a bowel movement for
the past four days. She reports using over-the-counter, anti-diarrheal products last week to
combat diarrhea. She denies having any chronic diseases. The assessment findings include a
blood pressure of 108/71 mm Hg, pulse of 82 beats per minute, and respirations of 20 breaths
per minute. The abdomen is distended and firm. Bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants.
The patient has a steady gait, though verbally complains of feeling weak and off balance upon
ambulation. Following antibody testing, Celiac disease is suspected. Which follow-up tissue test,
, the gold standard for this suspected diagnosis, should be ordered? - correct answer
✔✔Endoscopy with small intestine biopsy
A 44-year-old woman has recently been diagnosed with advanced metastatic non-small-cell
lung cancer. Genetic testing is ordered to determine if the patient's tumor has any genomic
alterations and to guide treatment decisions. A few weeks later, the patient's test results come
back positive for a genetic mutation. The APN starts osimertinib (Tagrisso).Based on this
information, what type of genetic mutation does this patient have? - correct answer ✔✔EGFR
mutation
A 20-year-old male meets with an advanced professional nurse (APN) to discuss symptoms that
have been slowly progressing over the past several years. He is mainly concerned because he
has been falling frequently. Since childhood, his gait has consisted of walking on his toes. During
middle school, he was able to participate in sports but was unable to participate in high school
sports due to difficulty with running and jumping. Lately, he has noticed it takes longer and is
more difficult to change positions from sitting to standing than it used to in the past. He has also
been waking up with muscle and joint stiffness. The APRN notes that his family history is not
significant for any chronic or genetic diseases. Which condition is likely to be the cause of these
symptoms? - correct answer ✔✔Becker muscular dystrophy. Mutation of gene dystrophin. X-
linked. Affects muscles of hips, pelvic area, thighs, and shoulders, as well as the heart.
Diagnostic CK levels 5x normal.
Which statement should the provider give the patient regarding the pathophysiology of SLE and
its relation to thrombocytopenia? - correct answer ✔✔SLE disrupts immune homeostasis and
promotes development of self-reactive antibodies.
A female patient presents to an office to establish care. Her previous primary care provider told
her to follow up regarding an elevated ferritin level. She has no previous medical history and is
currently asymptomatic. She is concerned about the elevated ferritin and would like to know if
she should be worried. What should the provider do next for this patient? - correct answer
✔✔Order a liver function test
ACTUAL CORRECT ANSWERS
Loop Diuretics - correct answer ✔✔Prefix "emide" Furosemide.
Mechanism of action: Block water reabsorption in the loop of Henle of the nephron. Increases
urine output.
AE: decreased K+, decreased BP, Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity.
Contradictions: auditory, renal impartments
During diastole, which part of the heart is filling with blood? - correct answer ✔✔Both
ventricles. Systole reflects the perfusing pressure of the cardiovascular system where the
ventricles eject blood from the heart. Once complete, a resting period—diastole—follows,
where blood must refill the ventricles directly from the collection that occurred in the atria.
Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? - correct answer ✔✔Pulmonary vein. The
superior vena cava carries all the deoxygenated blood from peripheral circulation back to the
heart where it enters the right atrium to be pumped into the right ventricle. The right ventricle
pumps to the lungs for oxygenation via the pulmonary artery. After pulmonary circulation, the
oxygenated blood is carried back to the heart via the pulmonary vein.
What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm? - correct answer
✔✔Erodes the vessel wall .Atherosclerosis, also known as the process of "hardening of the
arteries" and secondary to plaque formation, weakens the flexibility of a blood vessel wall.
Without vascular compliance, the vessel wall becomes more rigid and susceptible to rupture
(i.e., an aneurysm).
Which complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations? -
correct answer ✔✔The QRS wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) represents the largest
spike in electrical activity of the heart, as ventricular muscle cells perform the highest burden of
work to pump blood volume out of the heart in that instance.
,Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with
hypertension? - correct answer ✔✔Angiotensin II leads to myocardial hypertrophy, poor
myocardial compliance, and ventricular dilation through stimulating increased cardiac preload
and afterload and direct toxicity to myocardial cells. It causes sarcomere death, abnormal
collagen matrices, and interstitial fibrosis
Most cardiovascular developments occur between which weeks of gestation? - correct answer
✔✔During weeks four to seven, the primitive heart tube progresses through numerous stages
of development leading to a developed heart with distinct atria, ventricles, and cardiac vessels.
Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with tetralogy of
Fallot (TOF) to relieve hypoxic spells? - correct answer ✔✔Spontaneous squatting helps relieve
hypercyanotic events in older children through increasing systemic vascular resistance,
decreasing venous blood return. This provides a larger amount of oxygenated blood for the
body and leads to the temporary reversal of blood through the ventricular septal defect (VSD),
which results in increased pulmonary flow. Squatting is rarely seen clinically because most TOF
defects are diagnosed and surgically repaired in infancy
Which condition is consistent with the cardiac defect of transposition of the great vessels? -
correct answer ✔✔The aorta arises from the right ventricle. In transposition of the great
vessels, opposite of a normal heart, the aorta arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary
artery arises from the left ventricle.
A 26-year-old female presents to urgent care with complaints of extreme fatigue, muscle aches,
abdominal pain, numbness and tingling in her extremities, and bloating. She explains that she
has been experiencing gastrointestinal upset after meals and has not had a bowel movement for
the past four days. She reports using over-the-counter, anti-diarrheal products last week to
combat diarrhea. She denies having any chronic diseases. The assessment findings include a
blood pressure of 108/71 mm Hg, pulse of 82 beats per minute, and respirations of 20 breaths
per minute. The abdomen is distended and firm. Bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants.
The patient has a steady gait, though verbally complains of feeling weak and off balance upon
ambulation. Following antibody testing, Celiac disease is suspected. Which follow-up tissue test,
, the gold standard for this suspected diagnosis, should be ordered? - correct answer
✔✔Endoscopy with small intestine biopsy
A 44-year-old woman has recently been diagnosed with advanced metastatic non-small-cell
lung cancer. Genetic testing is ordered to determine if the patient's tumor has any genomic
alterations and to guide treatment decisions. A few weeks later, the patient's test results come
back positive for a genetic mutation. The APN starts osimertinib (Tagrisso).Based on this
information, what type of genetic mutation does this patient have? - correct answer ✔✔EGFR
mutation
A 20-year-old male meets with an advanced professional nurse (APN) to discuss symptoms that
have been slowly progressing over the past several years. He is mainly concerned because he
has been falling frequently. Since childhood, his gait has consisted of walking on his toes. During
middle school, he was able to participate in sports but was unable to participate in high school
sports due to difficulty with running and jumping. Lately, he has noticed it takes longer and is
more difficult to change positions from sitting to standing than it used to in the past. He has also
been waking up with muscle and joint stiffness. The APRN notes that his family history is not
significant for any chronic or genetic diseases. Which condition is likely to be the cause of these
symptoms? - correct answer ✔✔Becker muscular dystrophy. Mutation of gene dystrophin. X-
linked. Affects muscles of hips, pelvic area, thighs, and shoulders, as well as the heart.
Diagnostic CK levels 5x normal.
Which statement should the provider give the patient regarding the pathophysiology of SLE and
its relation to thrombocytopenia? - correct answer ✔✔SLE disrupts immune homeostasis and
promotes development of self-reactive antibodies.
A female patient presents to an office to establish care. Her previous primary care provider told
her to follow up regarding an elevated ferritin level. She has no previous medical history and is
currently asymptomatic. She is concerned about the elevated ferritin and would like to know if
she should be worried. What should the provider do next for this patient? - correct answer
✔✔Order a liver function test
