Psychology 1000 Exam test
questions and answers graded A+
Layer 1 of the Retina - ANS✅✅Photoreceptors: tranduce light waves into neural impulse (rods and
cones)
Layer 2 of the Retina - ANS✅✅Bipolar cells:
Rods & cones have synaptic connections with bipolar cells
Layer 3 of the Retina - ANS✅✅Ganglion cells:
Axons of ganglion cells fro m optic nerve
What are the three types of learning? - ANS✅✅Classical Conditioning (Associating stimuli with
each other)
Operant Condtitioning (Associating responses with consequences)
Cognitive Learning (Learning through observation and info)
What kind of learning can occur without directly receiving consequences? - ANS✅✅Observational
Learning
What are the roots of psychology? - ANS✅✅psychophysics
philosophy
physiology
4 goals of psychologists - ANS✅✅description
explanation
prediction
controlling
Mental processes and behaviours can be studied at multiple levels of analysis: - ANS✅✅the brain
the person
the group
,"We're born as a blank slate and need to learn everything through experiences" - ANS✅✅Locke
The study of the relationship between physics stimuli and their psychological effects -
ANS✅✅Psychophysics
Major perspectives in psychology - ANS✅✅Psychoanalysis - the role of the unconscious (drives,
wishes, needs and desires)
Behaviourism - focus of observable behaviour
Humanistic psychology - Emphasized the unique qualities of humans - focused on freedom and
personal growth
Cognitive psychology - Mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge
Psychobiology/neuroscience - Explained behaviour in terms of physiological processes-highly
dependent on technology
"The mind is separate from the body and the two are connected via the pineal" -
ANS✅✅Descartes
There are certain principles of perceptual organization that help us understand our world - preceive
things as whole perceptual units - ANS✅✅Gestalt psychologists
I used introspection to learn about the structure of the mind - ANS✅✅Titchener
What is the difference between-subject's design and a within-subject's design? - ANS✅✅the
within-subject's design tests each participant in each condition
the between subject's design tested once serving one group
When participants show a change in behaviour due to the fact that they are being observed -
ANS✅✅Hawthorne effect
Types of reliability - ANS✅✅Test-retest reliability
Alternate-forms reliability
Inter-rater reliability
, 5 characteristics of good research - ANS✅✅Use of objective measures
Generalizability of results
Reducing sources of bias
Reporting the findings
Replication
Research methods - ANS✅✅Experimental research
Correlational research
3 methods of data collection - ANS✅✅Case studies
Naturalistic observation
Surveys and questionnaires
Sources of bias - ANS✅✅Researcher biases
Participant biases
When participants show a change in behaviour due to their expectation that their behaviour should
change - ANS✅✅Placebo effect
when participant responses are based more on social acceptability than honesty - ANS✅✅Social
desirability
How to minimize sources of bias - ANS✅✅-assure participants that their responses are anonymous
and confidential
-assure participants that you're not looking at individual responses but only group averages
-use a blind procedure (single blind vs. double blind)
Key elements of the ethical code - ANS✅✅Debriefing
Confidentiality
Anonymity
questions and answers graded A+
Layer 1 of the Retina - ANS✅✅Photoreceptors: tranduce light waves into neural impulse (rods and
cones)
Layer 2 of the Retina - ANS✅✅Bipolar cells:
Rods & cones have synaptic connections with bipolar cells
Layer 3 of the Retina - ANS✅✅Ganglion cells:
Axons of ganglion cells fro m optic nerve
What are the three types of learning? - ANS✅✅Classical Conditioning (Associating stimuli with
each other)
Operant Condtitioning (Associating responses with consequences)
Cognitive Learning (Learning through observation and info)
What kind of learning can occur without directly receiving consequences? - ANS✅✅Observational
Learning
What are the roots of psychology? - ANS✅✅psychophysics
philosophy
physiology
4 goals of psychologists - ANS✅✅description
explanation
prediction
controlling
Mental processes and behaviours can be studied at multiple levels of analysis: - ANS✅✅the brain
the person
the group
,"We're born as a blank slate and need to learn everything through experiences" - ANS✅✅Locke
The study of the relationship between physics stimuli and their psychological effects -
ANS✅✅Psychophysics
Major perspectives in psychology - ANS✅✅Psychoanalysis - the role of the unconscious (drives,
wishes, needs and desires)
Behaviourism - focus of observable behaviour
Humanistic psychology - Emphasized the unique qualities of humans - focused on freedom and
personal growth
Cognitive psychology - Mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge
Psychobiology/neuroscience - Explained behaviour in terms of physiological processes-highly
dependent on technology
"The mind is separate from the body and the two are connected via the pineal" -
ANS✅✅Descartes
There are certain principles of perceptual organization that help us understand our world - preceive
things as whole perceptual units - ANS✅✅Gestalt psychologists
I used introspection to learn about the structure of the mind - ANS✅✅Titchener
What is the difference between-subject's design and a within-subject's design? - ANS✅✅the
within-subject's design tests each participant in each condition
the between subject's design tested once serving one group
When participants show a change in behaviour due to the fact that they are being observed -
ANS✅✅Hawthorne effect
Types of reliability - ANS✅✅Test-retest reliability
Alternate-forms reliability
Inter-rater reliability
, 5 characteristics of good research - ANS✅✅Use of objective measures
Generalizability of results
Reducing sources of bias
Reporting the findings
Replication
Research methods - ANS✅✅Experimental research
Correlational research
3 methods of data collection - ANS✅✅Case studies
Naturalistic observation
Surveys and questionnaires
Sources of bias - ANS✅✅Researcher biases
Participant biases
When participants show a change in behaviour due to their expectation that their behaviour should
change - ANS✅✅Placebo effect
when participant responses are based more on social acceptability than honesty - ANS✅✅Social
desirability
How to minimize sources of bias - ANS✅✅-assure participants that their responses are anonymous
and confidential
-assure participants that you're not looking at individual responses but only group averages
-use a blind procedure (single blind vs. double blind)
Key elements of the ethical code - ANS✅✅Debriefing
Confidentiality
Anonymity
