Psychology 1000 exam questions
and answers graded A+
Foot-in-the-Door Approach - ANS✅✅You will comply with a larger request if you first comply to a
smaller request
Door-in-the-Face Approach - ANS✅✅You will comply if you are asked to do something large,
reject, then are asked a smaller request
Critical Thinking - ANS✅✅Questioning & evaluating information using well-supported evidence
Hindsight Bias - ANS✅✅Accepting after the face explanations
Confirmation Bias - ANS✅✅Supporting something based on what you think/believe
Self Serving Bias - ANS✅✅Failing to see your inadequacies
How do you decrease bias? - ANS✅✅Selective samplings, use statistics, don't use shortcuts, being
able to see your weaknesses/inadequacies
What are the key beliefs of the Evolutionary School? - ANS✅✅Species change over time to
increase survival & reproduction. Natural Selection-survival of the fittest
What are the key beliefs of the Social School? - ANS✅✅Focus on situation & how people are
shaped through their social interactions
What are the key beliefs of the Structuralism School? - ANS✅✅Based on the theory that all
experiences could be broken into basic parts; valued introspection
What are the key beliefs of the Gestalt School? - ANS✅✅The whole is different than the sum of its
parts
What are the key beliefs of the Cognitive School? - ANS✅✅Deals with mental functions (thinking,
language, memory, etc.) & processes of the brain
,What are the key beliefs of the Functionalism School? - ANS✅✅Looks at how mind operates,
adaptive function of mind & behavior. Stream of consciousness- each person has a series of ever-
changing thoughts
What are the key beliefs of the Psychoanalytic School? - ANS✅✅Freud's school. Work to bring out
unconscious mental processes. Free association- patient talks about what they want for as long as
they want
What does a Neuroscience/Biological psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study how biological systems
affect mental activity
What does a Cognitive psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study cognition, perception, & action. Look at
thinking, perceiving, problem solving, decision-making, learning, etc.
What does a Developmental psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study how people change across the
lifespan
What does a Personality psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study characteristics people display over time
& during certain circumstances
What does a Social psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study how people are affected by the presence of
others
What does a Cultural psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Understand how people are affected by rules that
dictate a culture
What does a Clinical psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study factors that cause psychological disorders
What does a Counseling psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Seek to improve people's daily lives
What does a School psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Work in educational settings; help students with
problems in learning, design curriculum, etc.
,What does a Industrial/Organizational psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study behavior & productivity in
the workplace
What are the goals of description - ANS✅✅prediction, explanation, and control in an
experiment,To describe what a phenomenon is, predict when it will occur, control what causes it,
and explain why it occurs
What are the steps in the scientific method? - ANS✅✅Theory > Hypothesis > Research > Support
or Refute Theory > Support=refine hypothesis, Refute=change theory
What does it mean if a hypothesis is falsifiable? If it is parsimonious? - ANS✅✅Falsifiable: one we
can reject
Parsimonious: simple - ANS✅✅few assumptions
What are operational definitions and what is their value to researchers? - ANS✅✅Help quantify &
qualify a variable; researchers can duplicate experiments using these definitions
Experiment - ANS✅✅Measure & manipulate variables to test hypothesis
Self-Reports - ANS✅✅Used to gather information from a large number of people in a short
amount of time (EX: surveys or questionnaires)
Case Study - ANS✅✅Observing, recording, & examining an interestingly unusual person or group
Naturalistic Observation - ANS✅✅Researcher is passive; does no participate (EX: watching from a
park bench)
Participation Observation - ANS✅✅Research is involved in research (EX: being hands-on during a
dog grooming appointment to research dog behavior)
Positive Correlation - ANS✅✅increase=increase; decrease=decrease
Negative Correlation - ANS✅✅increase=decrease
, Zero Correlation - ANS✅✅No relationship
Correlation coefficient - ANS✅✅Provides statistical description of the strength of a relationship (-
1.0=perfect negative, 0=no correlation, +1.0=perfect positive)
Third-Variable Problem - ANS✅✅Another, unmeasured variable causes correlation
Illusory Correlation - ANS✅✅Seeing a correlation when one doesn't exist
Directionality Problem - ANS✅✅Unsure which variable causes change
Variable - ANS✅✅Something that can vary and the researcher can manipulate, measure, or both
Independent Variable - ANS✅✅Gets changed
Dependent Variable - ANS✅✅Gets measured
Experimental Group - ANS✅✅Group that receives independent variable
Control Group - ANS✅✅Group that does not receive independent variable; typical conditions
Confound - ANS✅✅Unintended variables that affect the outcome of a study
Representative Sample - ANS✅✅Group that closely represents the population
Convenience Sample - ANS✅✅Sample taken from available subgroup in population (e.g.
participants in a particular school)
What is a random assignment and why is it used in an experiment? - ANS✅✅Participants are
assigned at random to the control or experimental group; random assignment gives each participant
an equal change of being assigned to any level of the IV
and answers graded A+
Foot-in-the-Door Approach - ANS✅✅You will comply with a larger request if you first comply to a
smaller request
Door-in-the-Face Approach - ANS✅✅You will comply if you are asked to do something large,
reject, then are asked a smaller request
Critical Thinking - ANS✅✅Questioning & evaluating information using well-supported evidence
Hindsight Bias - ANS✅✅Accepting after the face explanations
Confirmation Bias - ANS✅✅Supporting something based on what you think/believe
Self Serving Bias - ANS✅✅Failing to see your inadequacies
How do you decrease bias? - ANS✅✅Selective samplings, use statistics, don't use shortcuts, being
able to see your weaknesses/inadequacies
What are the key beliefs of the Evolutionary School? - ANS✅✅Species change over time to
increase survival & reproduction. Natural Selection-survival of the fittest
What are the key beliefs of the Social School? - ANS✅✅Focus on situation & how people are
shaped through their social interactions
What are the key beliefs of the Structuralism School? - ANS✅✅Based on the theory that all
experiences could be broken into basic parts; valued introspection
What are the key beliefs of the Gestalt School? - ANS✅✅The whole is different than the sum of its
parts
What are the key beliefs of the Cognitive School? - ANS✅✅Deals with mental functions (thinking,
language, memory, etc.) & processes of the brain
,What are the key beliefs of the Functionalism School? - ANS✅✅Looks at how mind operates,
adaptive function of mind & behavior. Stream of consciousness- each person has a series of ever-
changing thoughts
What are the key beliefs of the Psychoanalytic School? - ANS✅✅Freud's school. Work to bring out
unconscious mental processes. Free association- patient talks about what they want for as long as
they want
What does a Neuroscience/Biological psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study how biological systems
affect mental activity
What does a Cognitive psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study cognition, perception, & action. Look at
thinking, perceiving, problem solving, decision-making, learning, etc.
What does a Developmental psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study how people change across the
lifespan
What does a Personality psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study characteristics people display over time
& during certain circumstances
What does a Social psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study how people are affected by the presence of
others
What does a Cultural psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Understand how people are affected by rules that
dictate a culture
What does a Clinical psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study factors that cause psychological disorders
What does a Counseling psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Seek to improve people's daily lives
What does a School psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Work in educational settings; help students with
problems in learning, design curriculum, etc.
,What does a Industrial/Organizational psychologist do? - ANS✅✅Study behavior & productivity in
the workplace
What are the goals of description - ANS✅✅prediction, explanation, and control in an
experiment,To describe what a phenomenon is, predict when it will occur, control what causes it,
and explain why it occurs
What are the steps in the scientific method? - ANS✅✅Theory > Hypothesis > Research > Support
or Refute Theory > Support=refine hypothesis, Refute=change theory
What does it mean if a hypothesis is falsifiable? If it is parsimonious? - ANS✅✅Falsifiable: one we
can reject
Parsimonious: simple - ANS✅✅few assumptions
What are operational definitions and what is their value to researchers? - ANS✅✅Help quantify &
qualify a variable; researchers can duplicate experiments using these definitions
Experiment - ANS✅✅Measure & manipulate variables to test hypothesis
Self-Reports - ANS✅✅Used to gather information from a large number of people in a short
amount of time (EX: surveys or questionnaires)
Case Study - ANS✅✅Observing, recording, & examining an interestingly unusual person or group
Naturalistic Observation - ANS✅✅Researcher is passive; does no participate (EX: watching from a
park bench)
Participation Observation - ANS✅✅Research is involved in research (EX: being hands-on during a
dog grooming appointment to research dog behavior)
Positive Correlation - ANS✅✅increase=increase; decrease=decrease
Negative Correlation - ANS✅✅increase=decrease
, Zero Correlation - ANS✅✅No relationship
Correlation coefficient - ANS✅✅Provides statistical description of the strength of a relationship (-
1.0=perfect negative, 0=no correlation, +1.0=perfect positive)
Third-Variable Problem - ANS✅✅Another, unmeasured variable causes correlation
Illusory Correlation - ANS✅✅Seeing a correlation when one doesn't exist
Directionality Problem - ANS✅✅Unsure which variable causes change
Variable - ANS✅✅Something that can vary and the researcher can manipulate, measure, or both
Independent Variable - ANS✅✅Gets changed
Dependent Variable - ANS✅✅Gets measured
Experimental Group - ANS✅✅Group that receives independent variable
Control Group - ANS✅✅Group that does not receive independent variable; typical conditions
Confound - ANS✅✅Unintended variables that affect the outcome of a study
Representative Sample - ANS✅✅Group that closely represents the population
Convenience Sample - ANS✅✅Sample taken from available subgroup in population (e.g.
participants in a particular school)
What is a random assignment and why is it used in an experiment? - ANS✅✅Participants are
assigned at random to the control or experimental group; random assignment gives each participant
an equal change of being assigned to any level of the IV
