BIOLOGY 115 WVU COMPLETE STANDARD EXAM 2025

BIOLOGY 115 WVU COMPLETE STANDARD EXAM 2025 First, polymers are long chains, which are made up of many molecules known as monomers. These can be anything from amino acids, to alkenes, to alcohols. What all polymers have in common is the type of bond, which holds their monomers together. What type of bond is this? - Correct Answer-A covalent bond True or False? The type of chemical reaction responsible for linking monomers into polymers is known as condensation (or dehydration) reaction. - Correct Answer-True What is lost when two monomers undergo a condensation reaction? - Correct Answer Water Actin and myosin are proteins that perform what function? - Correct Answer-Allow for movement as they are major components of muscle tissue Hemoglobin is a protein that performs what function? - Correct Answer-Allow for transport of oxygen through the blood stream Proteins are polymers made up of monomers known as - Correct Answer-Amino acids Which of the following depicts a monomer of proteins? - Correct Answer-A Which of the boxes below contains the central carbon of the amino acid? - Correct Answer-Box 3 Which of the boxes below contains the amino group of the amino acid? - Correct Answer-Box 1 Which of the boxes below contains the carboxyl group of the amino acid? - Correct Answer-Box 5 What type of bonds form between the monomers that make up proteins? - Correct Answer-Peptide True or False? The function of RNA is to hold the code required for the creation of a protein and have the ability to migrate out of the nucleus of a cell into the cytoplasm. - Correct Answer-True Nucleic acids are polymers made up of monomers known as: - Correct Answer Nucleotides Which of the following best depicts a monomer of nucleic acids? - Correct Answer-D Biology Biology Which of the lettered portions of the monomer below best represents the sugar portion of the nucleotide? - Correct Answer-Red part Which of the following lettered portions of the monomer below best represents the phosphate group of the nucleotide? - Correct Answer-Yellow part Which of the lettered portions of the monomer below best represents the nitrogenous base of the nucleotide? - Correct Answer-Green part The sugar molecule below could be found in nucleotides of - Correct Answer-DNA only The type of bond that links two nucleotides along a single strand of DNA is known as a ___ bond - Correct Answer-Phosphodiester The type of bond that links two nucleotides between two different strands of DNA is known as a ___ bond - Correct Answer-Hydrogen The type of bond that links two nucleotides along a single strand of RNA is known as a ____ bond - Correct Answer-Phosphodiester True or False? Nucleotides can be broken apart from a single strand of RNA by hydrolysis reactions - Correct Answer-True Which of the lettered portions of the molecule below best represents the 3' end of the molecule? - Correct Answer-B Which polysaccharide has the main function of energy storage in animals? - Correct Answer-Glycogen Which polysaccharide has the main function of being a structural component of bacterial cell walls? - Correct Answer-Peptidoglycan Carbohydrates are polymers made up of monomers known as: - Correct Answer Monosaccharides Which of the following best depicts a monomer of carbohydrates? - Correct Answer-B What type of bonds form between the monomers that make up carbohydrates? - Correct Answer-Glycosidic True or False? Monosaccharides are linked together by condensation (or dehydration) reactions to form carbohydrates - Correct Answer-True Which of the following molecules best depicts a carbohydrate? - Correct Answer- Biology Biology True or False? Lipids make up one of the two classes of chemical classes of hormones used for cell signaling? - Correct Answer-True Lipids are polymers made up of monomers known as: - Correct Answer-Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids Which of the following depicts a monomer of lipids? - Correct Answer-C Which of the lettered portions of the molecule below best represents the glycerol portion of the lipid molecule? - Correct Answer-Blue Which of the lettered portions of the molecule below best represents the fatty acid portion of the lipid molecule? - Correct Answer-Black Which of the lettered portions of the molecule below best represents the unsaturated fatty acid portion of the lipid molecule? - Correct Answer-Green only What type of bonds form between the monomers that make up lipids? - Correct Answer Ester Which of the following molecules best depicts a lipid? - Correct Answer- True or False? Amino acids are linked together by hydrolysis reactions to form proteins - Correct Answer-False Which of the following types of bonds/interactions/forces are holding together proteins in their quaternary (4^0) structure? Select all that apply. - Correct Answer-Covalent bonds Ionic bonds Hydrophobic bonds Hydrogen bonds True or False? Enzymes increase the speed of certain biological chemical reactions by bringing reactants into physical contact with one another. - Correct Answer-True Which of the following types of bonds/interactions/forces are holding together a protein in its secondary (2^0) structure? Select all that apply - Correct Answer-Covalent bonds Hydrogen bonds A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X to Y to Z. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. What is substance A? - Correct Answer-An allosteric inhibitor The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is known as: - Correct Answer-Feedback inhibition Biology Biology Consider the Black-Headed Gull experiment in the previous questions. Match the portions of the scientific hypothesis for this experiment (A-C) to their placement in the statement: If and, then. - Correct Answer-(If) Gulls remove broken eggs from their nest because they are more easily seen by predators (And) The rates of predation are compared between eggs left natural or painted white (Then) Eggs that are white should go missing more often than eggs left their natural color Black-headed gulls build nest of twigs on the ground and lay brown speckled eggs. The inside of egg, when the chicks hatch, is white. Adult gulls will pick up any shells and move them to a new location after chicks hatch. Question Researchers Asked: Why do gulls remove egg shells from their nest? Proposed Explanation of Behavior: The white interior of the shell, being white, is not camouflaged and attracts predators to the nest. Experiment: Scientists collected 140 gull eggs. Half were painted white, while the other half were left their natural color. These eggs were scattered randomly around a gull nesting area. Predation rates were recorded for white versus natural eggs. Question: What is the dependent variable(s) in the above experimental design? - Correct Answer-Eggs that predators take Black-headed gulls build nest of twigs on the ground and lay brown speckled eggs. The inside of egg, when the chicks hatch, is white. Adult gulls will pick up any shells and move them to a new location after chicks hatch. Question Researchers Asked: Why do gulls remove egg shells from their nest? Proposed Explanation of Behavior: The white interior of the shell, being white, is not camouflaged and attracts predators to the nest. Experiment: Scientists collected 140 gull eggs. Half were painted white, while the other half were left their natural color. These eggs were scattered randomly around a gull nesting area. Predation rates were recorded for white versus natural eggs. Question: What is serving as a control in the above experiment? - Correct Answer-Eggs left natural Black-headed gulls build nest of twigs on the ground and lay brown speckled eggs. The inside of egg, when the chicks hatch, is white. Adult gulls will pick up any shells and move them to a new location after chicks hatch. Question Researchers Asked: Why do gulls remove egg shells from their nest? Proposed Explanation of Behavior: The white interior of the shell, being white, is not camouflaged and attracts predators to the nest. Experiment: Scientists collected 140 gull eggs. Half were painted white, while the other half were left their natural color. These eggs were scattered randomly around a gull nesting area. Predation rates were recorded for white versus natural eggs. Question: What is the independent variable(s) in the above experimental design? - Correct Answer-Egg color Biology Biology A negative control in an experiment should provide a result similar to the experimental group when... - Correct Answer-the result would refute the hypothesis Marcella is interested in how well-developed a hummingbird's sense of taste is and if this leads to preference in their food sources. In their natural habitat, she has observed that these birds seem to be attracted to plants that produce high amounts of sucrose (a natural sugar). She hypothesizes that if hummingbirds do have a highly-developed sense of taste and they are presented with both natural and artificial forms of sugar, then hummingbirds will be able to detect artificial sweeteners and in response "drink" longer from the sources of natural sugars in comparison. To test this hypothesis, Marcella begins designing an experiment an experimental group of captive hummingbirds will be presented with the artificial sweetener aspartame. She will measure how long these birds drink from the source of aspartame before stopping. Question: Which of the following would serve as a proper positive control for this experiment - Correct Answer-A group of captive hummingbirds presented with sucrose (natural sugar) Marcella is interested in how well-developed a hummingbird's sense of taste is and if this leads to preference in their food sources. In their natural habitat, she has observed that these birds seem to be attracted to plants that produce high amounts of sucrose (a natural sugar). She hypothesizes that if hummingbirds do have a highly-developed sense of taste and they are presented with both natural and artificial forms of sugar, then hummingbirds will be able to detect artificial sweeteners and in response "drink" longer from the sources of natural sugars in comparison. To test this hypothesis, Marcella begins designing an experiment an experimental group of captive hummingbirds will be presented with the artificial sweetener aspartame. She will measure how long these birds drink from the source of aspartame before stopping. Question: Which of the following would serve as a proper negative control for this experiment - Correct Answer-A group of captive hummingbirds presented with a source of pure water Below you will find the information from the periodic table for oxygen. Which of the following electron models (A-D) is correct? - Correct Answer- Magnesium (Mg) has an atomic number of 12 and a mass number of 24.305. How many valence electrons does this uncharged atom hold? - Correct Answer-2 What kind of bond is formed between the two atoms shown below to form the resulting molecule? - Correct Answer-Ionic Hydrogen - Correct Answer-Bonds based on partial + or - charges between molecules Polar Covalent - Correct Answer-Bonds based on the unequal sharing of an election between two atoms Biology Biology Nonpolar Covalent - Correct Answer-Bonds based on the equal sharing of an election between two atoms Ionic - Correct Answer-Bonds based on the transfer of an election from one atom to another Think about the valence electrons found in both carbon and hydrogen atoms. Using only single bonds, how many hydrogen atoms would it take to covalently bond to one carbon atom before the molecule would become most stable? - Correct Answer-4 Which of the following are differences between DNA and RNA? Select all that apply - Correct Answer-One is most often double-stranded, while the other is usually single stranded The sugars differ between the nucleotides found in each There are differences in the nitrogenous bases found in the nucleotides of each A strand of DNA is 30% A (Adenine). What percentage of it is made up of T (thymine)? - Correct Answer-30% A strand of DNA is 12% C (Cytosine). What percentage of it is made up of T (thymine)? - Correct Answer-38% Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane? - Correct Answer-Phospholipids and proteins The kinds of molecules that pass through a cell membrane most easily are - Correct Answer-Small and hydrophobic Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion? - Correct Answer-It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration Select ALL of the following that are examples of well-stated, scientific hypotheses. 1) If ghosts are paranormal phenomena, and they exist, then they should defy gravity because they no longer have physical bodies. 2) If the natural camouflage of the Orchid Mantis allows it to better escape its predators, and we place Orchid Mantises, their nature predators, and common green mantises in the same environment, then more Orchid Mantises should survive after a week compared to the green mantises. 3) Will bacteriophages prevent bacterial infection better than antibiotics? 4) If reduced day length in the fall is the cause of deciduous trees dropping their leaves, and we mimic the phenomenon in a laboratory setting by decreasing the amount of time trees are exposed to a light source, then these deciduous trees should also drop their leaves. - Correct Answer-2) If the natural camouflage of the Orchid Mantis allows it to better escape its predators, and we place Orchid Mantises, their nature predators, and Biology Biology common green mantises in the same environment, then more Orchid Mantises should survive after a week compared to the green mantises 4) If reduced day length in the fall is the cause of deciduous trees dropping their leaves, and we mimic the phenomenon in a laboratory setting by decreasing the amount of time trees are exposed to a light source, then these deciduous trees should also drop their leaves. A scientific theory is best defined as: - Correct Answer-An explanation of a fundamental principle developed through extensive and reproducible observations Bipasha is studying a new drug, Calcigro, that is suspected to improve bone density. The drug has made it through animal testing and into human trials. Two groups of females have been matched for age, race and health status. Group A is given a pill containing starch and 1000 mg of Calcigro while Group B is given a pill containing starch only. Both groups are following a diet regimen with an intake of 1000 mg of calcium daily. What is the dependent variable? - Correct Answer-Bone density Bipasha is studying a new drug, Calcigro, that is suspected to improve bone density. The drug has made it through animal testing and into human trials. Two groups of females have been matched for age, race and health status. Group A is given a pill containing starch and 1000 mg of Calcigro while Group B is given a pill containing starch only. Both groups are following a diet regimen with an intake of 1000 mg of calcium daily. What is the experimental group in this experiment? - Correct Answer-Group A Bipasha is studying a new drug, Calcigro, that is suspected to improve bone density. The drug has made it through animal testing and into human trials. Two groups of females have been matched for age, race and health status. Group A is given a pill containing starch and 1000 mg of Calcigro while Group B is given a pill containing starch only. Both groups are following a diet regimen with an intake of 1000 mg of calcium daily. Which option would be a proper positive control for this experiment? - Correct Answer-A