Rapid word identification and automaticity Correct Answer: quick, effortless, and
accurate recognition of invidivual words when reading
Onsets and Rimes Correct Answer: Onsets are composed of the initial consonants
or consonant blends in syllables. Rimes consist of the vowels and remaining
consonants that follow.
Ex: Star
/st/ is onset
/ar/ is rime
Phonemic awareness Correct Answer: One specific component of phonological
awareness. Focuses on the ability to identify and manipulate sounds at the
phoneme level only. Most advances phonological awareness skill, usually
developed after the others.
Phonological Awareness Correct Answer: Broader term referring to the ability to
identify and manipulate sounds in spoken language. Can refer to identifying and
manipulating sounds at the word, syllable, or phoneme level.
Ex: rhyming, alliteration, breaking words into syllables, dividing syllables into
onset and times, and blending and segmenting phonemes.
Phonemes Correct Answer: Smallest units of speech
Phoneme Isolation Correct Answer: Ability to identify specific phonemes in
spoken words
,Ex: identifying beginning (initial), middle (medial), and ending (final) sounds
Phoneme Identification Correct Answer: Identifying the common sound in a list of
words that have either the same beginning, middle or ending sound
Phoneme Characterization Correct Answer: Students are given a set of words in
which all but one have the same beginning, middle, or ending phoneme and they
must identify the word that doesn't belong
Blending Correct Answer: Common strategy to teach decoding of CVC words.
Students are given the phonemes that make up a word in isolation and they must
identify the whole word formed by putting the phonemes together
Segmentation Correct Answer: Students are given a whole word and must identify
the individual phonemes that make up that word
Phoneme Deletion Correct Answer: Removing one phoneme from a word and
identifying what new word was formed
Phoneme Substitution Correct Answer: Changing one phoneme in a word and
identifying what new word was formed
Phonics Correct Answer: Refers to the relationship between letters and the
sounds they make
Encoding Correct Answer: The process of translating sounds to print using
knowledge of letter-sound relationships. This is done by translating phonemes
into graphemes. (sounding out a word to spell it)
When children are engaging in early writing activities, they use knowledge of
letter-sound relationships to write words
Phonemic Awareness vs. Phonics Correct Answer: Phonemic Awareness- refers to
identifying and manipulating phonemes in spoken language
Phonics- refers to the relationship between letters and the sounds they make (if
letters and their sounds are involved, it's phonics)
Fluency Correct Answer: Reading accurately with the appropriate speed and
intonation
, Fluency-Comprehension Relationship Correct Answer: Non-fluent readers burden
their working memories with decoding, so they read in fragments making it
difficult for their brain to make sense of what they read.
Fluent readers use their working memory to read smoothly and continuously, so
the brain comprehends and makes sense of the text.
Syntactic Clues Correct Answer: When readers use syntactic clues, they use
knowledge about correct oral language structures and the ways sentences are put
together to decode and make meaning.
Decoding Correct Answer: The process of translating print to speech, which is
done by translating graphemes into phonemes
Graphemes Correct Answer: Letters or groups of letters that represent a single
sound
Consonant Blend Correct Answer: Group of 2 or 3 consonants that blend together
to make a sound, but each individual letter sound is still heard
Ex: bl, fr, and sw
Consonant Digraph Correct Answer: Group of 2 constants that form a new
consonant sound when combined
Ex: th, sh, and ch
R-controlled Vowels Correct Answer: Vowels that appear before the letter r in a
word. Words constraining this spelling pattern are sometimes referred to as
bossy-r words because the letter r changes the sound of the vowel.
Ex: ar, er, ir, or, and er
Explicit Instruction Correct Answer: Progresses from part (letter sounds) to whole
(whole words).
accurate recognition of invidivual words when reading
Onsets and Rimes Correct Answer: Onsets are composed of the initial consonants
or consonant blends in syllables. Rimes consist of the vowels and remaining
consonants that follow.
Ex: Star
/st/ is onset
/ar/ is rime
Phonemic awareness Correct Answer: One specific component of phonological
awareness. Focuses on the ability to identify and manipulate sounds at the
phoneme level only. Most advances phonological awareness skill, usually
developed after the others.
Phonological Awareness Correct Answer: Broader term referring to the ability to
identify and manipulate sounds in spoken language. Can refer to identifying and
manipulating sounds at the word, syllable, or phoneme level.
Ex: rhyming, alliteration, breaking words into syllables, dividing syllables into
onset and times, and blending and segmenting phonemes.
Phonemes Correct Answer: Smallest units of speech
Phoneme Isolation Correct Answer: Ability to identify specific phonemes in
spoken words
,Ex: identifying beginning (initial), middle (medial), and ending (final) sounds
Phoneme Identification Correct Answer: Identifying the common sound in a list of
words that have either the same beginning, middle or ending sound
Phoneme Characterization Correct Answer: Students are given a set of words in
which all but one have the same beginning, middle, or ending phoneme and they
must identify the word that doesn't belong
Blending Correct Answer: Common strategy to teach decoding of CVC words.
Students are given the phonemes that make up a word in isolation and they must
identify the whole word formed by putting the phonemes together
Segmentation Correct Answer: Students are given a whole word and must identify
the individual phonemes that make up that word
Phoneme Deletion Correct Answer: Removing one phoneme from a word and
identifying what new word was formed
Phoneme Substitution Correct Answer: Changing one phoneme in a word and
identifying what new word was formed
Phonics Correct Answer: Refers to the relationship between letters and the
sounds they make
Encoding Correct Answer: The process of translating sounds to print using
knowledge of letter-sound relationships. This is done by translating phonemes
into graphemes. (sounding out a word to spell it)
When children are engaging in early writing activities, they use knowledge of
letter-sound relationships to write words
Phonemic Awareness vs. Phonics Correct Answer: Phonemic Awareness- refers to
identifying and manipulating phonemes in spoken language
Phonics- refers to the relationship between letters and the sounds they make (if
letters and their sounds are involved, it's phonics)
Fluency Correct Answer: Reading accurately with the appropriate speed and
intonation
, Fluency-Comprehension Relationship Correct Answer: Non-fluent readers burden
their working memories with decoding, so they read in fragments making it
difficult for their brain to make sense of what they read.
Fluent readers use their working memory to read smoothly and continuously, so
the brain comprehends and makes sense of the text.
Syntactic Clues Correct Answer: When readers use syntactic clues, they use
knowledge about correct oral language structures and the ways sentences are put
together to decode and make meaning.
Decoding Correct Answer: The process of translating print to speech, which is
done by translating graphemes into phonemes
Graphemes Correct Answer: Letters or groups of letters that represent a single
sound
Consonant Blend Correct Answer: Group of 2 or 3 consonants that blend together
to make a sound, but each individual letter sound is still heard
Ex: bl, fr, and sw
Consonant Digraph Correct Answer: Group of 2 constants that form a new
consonant sound when combined
Ex: th, sh, and ch
R-controlled Vowels Correct Answer: Vowels that appear before the letter r in a
word. Words constraining this spelling pattern are sometimes referred to as
bossy-r words because the letter r changes the sound of the vowel.
Ex: ar, er, ir, or, and er
Explicit Instruction Correct Answer: Progresses from part (letter sounds) to whole
(whole words).
