As students begin to read, the ability to blend phonemes orally contributes to
their reading development primarily because it prepares students to: Correct
Answer: B. combine letter-sounds to decode words.
A teacher is selecting words to use to assess students' ability to segment the
individual phonemes in spoken words. Which of the following words would
require the highest level of skill with regard to orally segmenting phonemes?
Correct Answer: A. stamp
Which of the following tasks requires the most advanced level of skill along the
phonological awareness continuum? Correct Answer: A. orally segmenting the
phonemes in the word chimp and then substituting /ŏ/ for /ĭ/ to make a new
word, chomp
A kindergarten teacher engages a small group of children in the following Say It
and Move It activity.
• The teacher says a two-phoneme word slowly (e.g., ape, bee, day, eat, go, she,
toe).
• The children slowly repeat the word.
• The children move a plain wooden block as they say each phoneme, lining up
the two blocks from left to right.
Once the children demonstrate mastery of this activity, which of the following
strategies would be most appropriate for the teacher to use next to build the
children's phonemic awareness? Correct Answer: D. displaying pictures for a pair
of two- and three-phoneme words that differ by a single phoneme (e.g., toe,
toad) and having the children complete the Say It and Move It activity for each
word in the pair
,5. Use the table below to answer the question that follows. Line Target Word
Number of Speech Sounds
1 though 2
2 best 3
3 fresh 5
4 scratch 6
In which line in the table is a word accurately matched to the number of
phonemes the word contains? Correct Answer: A. Line 1
A prekindergarten teacher asks a small group of children to listen to and repeat
what the teacher says. First, the teacher says the word mop and then pronounces
it as /m/ and [ŏp]. Next, the teacher says the word take and then pronounces it as
/t/ and [āk]. This activity is likely to promote the children's phonological
awareness primarily by: Correct Answer: B. showing them how to segment words
into onsets and rimes.
A prekindergarten teacher is reading a storybook to the class so that the children
can see the words and pictures while the teacher points to the line of print. This
activity best contributes to the children's emergent reading development
primarily by: Correct Answer: C. developing their awareness of left-to-right
directionality.
Having kindergarten children practice tracing the letters of the alphabet in sand is
most appropriate for children who need additional support in: Correct Answer: D.
developing letter-formation skills.
A kindergarten teacher encourages beginning readers to "write" their own
captions beneath their drawings. This practice is most likely to lead to which of
the following outcomes? Correct Answer: A. The children's grasp of the alphabetic
principle will be reinforced as they apply phonetic spelling.
A kindergarten teacher is reading a big book to a group of children. The teacher
periodically points to the beginning consonant of selected words and accentuates
its initial phoneme as the teacher reads the word aloud. The teacher's practice is
, most likely to reinforce the children's: Correct Answer: B. awareness of letter-
sound correspondences
A fourth-grade student who reads on grade level and consistently performs well
on spelling tests that are part of weekly word study activities often misspells the
same words, and other familiar words, in everyday writings. The following table
shows examples of typical errors the student makes on class writing assignments
and in informal notes to friends.
*table*
The student's overall spelling performance suggests that the student would
benefit most from a targeted intervention focused on which of the following
foundational skills? Correct Answer: D. segmenting all the phonemes in a word
sequentially
A first-grade teacher administers a spelling assessment midway through the
school year. Afterward, the teacher analyzes students' spelling errors and
categorizes the errors according to their most likely cause.
Phonemic Awareness—The spelling error indicates difficulty perceiving all the
sounds in words.
Code—The spelling error indicates a code-based difficulty (i.e., mastery of
specific phonics/morphemic elements and associated orthographic patterns).
Several students in the class make spelling errors that primarily fall under the
category of phonemic awareness. The students' spelling development would
benefit most from an intervention focused on promoting their ability to apply
which of the following foundational skills? Correct Answer: C. segmenting
sequentially all the phonemes that make up a spoken word
Which of the following students is demonstrating the specific type of phonological
awareness known as phonemic awareness? Correct Answer: C. a student who,
after hearing the word hat, can orally identify that it ends with the sound /t/
Several children in a kindergarten class have mastered orally blending sets of
spoken sounds together to make words. Which of the following additional skills
demonstrated by the children would best indicate that they are ready to begin
instruction in decoding simple words? Correct Answer: C. identifying letter-sound
their reading development primarily because it prepares students to: Correct
Answer: B. combine letter-sounds to decode words.
A teacher is selecting words to use to assess students' ability to segment the
individual phonemes in spoken words. Which of the following words would
require the highest level of skill with regard to orally segmenting phonemes?
Correct Answer: A. stamp
Which of the following tasks requires the most advanced level of skill along the
phonological awareness continuum? Correct Answer: A. orally segmenting the
phonemes in the word chimp and then substituting /ŏ/ for /ĭ/ to make a new
word, chomp
A kindergarten teacher engages a small group of children in the following Say It
and Move It activity.
• The teacher says a two-phoneme word slowly (e.g., ape, bee, day, eat, go, she,
toe).
• The children slowly repeat the word.
• The children move a plain wooden block as they say each phoneme, lining up
the two blocks from left to right.
Once the children demonstrate mastery of this activity, which of the following
strategies would be most appropriate for the teacher to use next to build the
children's phonemic awareness? Correct Answer: D. displaying pictures for a pair
of two- and three-phoneme words that differ by a single phoneme (e.g., toe,
toad) and having the children complete the Say It and Move It activity for each
word in the pair
,5. Use the table below to answer the question that follows. Line Target Word
Number of Speech Sounds
1 though 2
2 best 3
3 fresh 5
4 scratch 6
In which line in the table is a word accurately matched to the number of
phonemes the word contains? Correct Answer: A. Line 1
A prekindergarten teacher asks a small group of children to listen to and repeat
what the teacher says. First, the teacher says the word mop and then pronounces
it as /m/ and [ŏp]. Next, the teacher says the word take and then pronounces it as
/t/ and [āk]. This activity is likely to promote the children's phonological
awareness primarily by: Correct Answer: B. showing them how to segment words
into onsets and rimes.
A prekindergarten teacher is reading a storybook to the class so that the children
can see the words and pictures while the teacher points to the line of print. This
activity best contributes to the children's emergent reading development
primarily by: Correct Answer: C. developing their awareness of left-to-right
directionality.
Having kindergarten children practice tracing the letters of the alphabet in sand is
most appropriate for children who need additional support in: Correct Answer: D.
developing letter-formation skills.
A kindergarten teacher encourages beginning readers to "write" their own
captions beneath their drawings. This practice is most likely to lead to which of
the following outcomes? Correct Answer: A. The children's grasp of the alphabetic
principle will be reinforced as they apply phonetic spelling.
A kindergarten teacher is reading a big book to a group of children. The teacher
periodically points to the beginning consonant of selected words and accentuates
its initial phoneme as the teacher reads the word aloud. The teacher's practice is
, most likely to reinforce the children's: Correct Answer: B. awareness of letter-
sound correspondences
A fourth-grade student who reads on grade level and consistently performs well
on spelling tests that are part of weekly word study activities often misspells the
same words, and other familiar words, in everyday writings. The following table
shows examples of typical errors the student makes on class writing assignments
and in informal notes to friends.
*table*
The student's overall spelling performance suggests that the student would
benefit most from a targeted intervention focused on which of the following
foundational skills? Correct Answer: D. segmenting all the phonemes in a word
sequentially
A first-grade teacher administers a spelling assessment midway through the
school year. Afterward, the teacher analyzes students' spelling errors and
categorizes the errors according to their most likely cause.
Phonemic Awareness—The spelling error indicates difficulty perceiving all the
sounds in words.
Code—The spelling error indicates a code-based difficulty (i.e., mastery of
specific phonics/morphemic elements and associated orthographic patterns).
Several students in the class make spelling errors that primarily fall under the
category of phonemic awareness. The students' spelling development would
benefit most from an intervention focused on promoting their ability to apply
which of the following foundational skills? Correct Answer: C. segmenting
sequentially all the phonemes that make up a spoken word
Which of the following students is demonstrating the specific type of phonological
awareness known as phonemic awareness? Correct Answer: C. a student who,
after hearing the word hat, can orally identify that it ends with the sound /t/
Several children in a kindergarten class have mastered orally blending sets of
spoken sounds together to make words. Which of the following additional skills
demonstrated by the children would best indicate that they are ready to begin
instruction in decoding simple words? Correct Answer: C. identifying letter-sound
