NR 565 - advanced pharmacology midterm
Questions with Answers () (Verified
Answers)- Chamberlain.
1. During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug
reactions with potential long term consequences?
Answer: 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
2. What is BEERS criteria?
Answer: Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately
decides
3. What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
Answer: liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and
create drug-drug interactions
4. CYP450 inducers
Answer: Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser ettect (decrease blood levels of
drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
5. CYP450 inducers pneumonic Answer: "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
,6. CYP450 inducer drug names
Answer: Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital,
sulfonylureas
7. CYP450 inhibitors Answer: inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
8. CYP450 pneumonic Answer: "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
9. CYP450 inhibitors drug name Answer s: Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone,
chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
10. Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
Answer: increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism decrease
tone and motility of bowel increase
drug absorption
11. Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Answer: Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such
as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as
diethylstilbestrol (DES).
12. How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?
Answer: slow
and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
13. Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?
,Answer: delayed gastric emptying
14. Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
Answer: glucocorti- coids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with sulfonamides,
levofloxacin (antibiotics) aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
, 15. what should be included in medication administration patient education?: -
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration duration
of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
16. What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse
drug reactions?: reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily) greater
severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin) increased
individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics inadequate
supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
17. How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient expe-
riencing an adverse drug reaction?: obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter
medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
Questions with Answers () (Verified
Answers)- Chamberlain.
1. During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug
reactions with potential long term consequences?
Answer: 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
2. What is BEERS criteria?
Answer: Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately
decides
3. What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
Answer: liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and
create drug-drug interactions
4. CYP450 inducers
Answer: Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser ettect (decrease blood levels of
drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
5. CYP450 inducers pneumonic Answer: "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
,6. CYP450 inducer drug names
Answer: Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital,
sulfonylureas
7. CYP450 inhibitors Answer: inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
8. CYP450 pneumonic Answer: "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
9. CYP450 inhibitors drug name Answer s: Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone,
chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
10. Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
Answer: increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism decrease
tone and motility of bowel increase
drug absorption
11. Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Answer: Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such
as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as
diethylstilbestrol (DES).
12. How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?
Answer: slow
and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
13. Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?
,Answer: delayed gastric emptying
14. Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
Answer: glucocorti- coids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with sulfonamides,
levofloxacin (antibiotics) aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
, 15. what should be included in medication administration patient education?: -
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration duration
of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
16. What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse
drug reactions?: reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily) greater
severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin) increased
individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics inadequate
supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
17. How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient expe-
riencing an adverse drug reaction?: obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter
medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
