As students begin to read, the ability to blend phonemes orally contributes to
their reading development primarily because it prepares students to: Correct
Answer: A. recognize high-frequency words in a text automatically.
B. combine letter-sounds to decode words.
C. guess the meaning of unfamiliar words from their context.
D. divide written words into onsets and rimes.
Answer: B
A teacher is selecting words to use to assess students; ability to segment the
individual phonemes in spoken words. Which of the following words would
require the highest level of skill with regard to orally segmenting phones? Correct
Answer: A. stamp
B. catch
C. fudge
D. chase
Answer: A
Which of the following tasks requires the most advanced level of skill along the
phonological awareness continuumm? Correct Answer: A. orally segmenting the
phonemes in the word chimp and then substituting short /o/ for short /I/ to make
a new word, chomp
B. orally segmenting the word wonderful into won/der/ful and then tapping the
number of syllables in the word
,C. listening to the words place and plunk and then orally segmenting each word
into its onset and rime
D. listening to the words fiddle and fresh and then determining that both words
begin with the same phoneme, /f/
Answer: A
A kindergarten teacher engages a small group of children in the following Say It
and Move It activity.
The teacher says a two-phoneme word slowly (e.g., ape, been day, eat, go, she,
toe).
The children slowly repeat the word.
The children move a plain wooden block as they say each phoneme, lining up the
two blocks left to right.
Once the children demonstrate mastery of this activity, which of the following
strategies would be most appropriate for the teacher to use next to build the
children's phonemic awareness? Correct Answer: A. writing pairs of words on the
board that differ by one phoneme (e.g., ape, cape) and pointing out to the
children that the second word contains more phonemes than the first
B. exchanging the plain blocks for alphabet blocks and then helping the children
do the Say It and Move It activity with relevant letter blocks, using pairs of words
that have two and three phonemes (e.g., go, goat)
C. saying a pair of words that differ by one phoneme (e.g., bee, beach) and
encouraging the children to generate pairs of words that rhyme with the target
words (e.g., tea, teach)
,D. displaying pictures for a pair of two- and three-phoneme words that differ by a
single phoneme (e.g., toe, toad) and having the children complete the Say It and
Move It activity for each word in the pair
Answer: D
Use the table below to answer the question.
Line. Target Word Number of Speech Sounds
1 though. 2
2. best 3
3 fresh 5
4 scratch 6
In which line in the table is a word accurately matched to the number of
phonemes the word contains? Correct Answer: A. Line 1
B. Line 2
C. Line 3
D. Line 4
Answer: A
A prekindergarten teacher asks a small group of children to listen to and repeat
what the teacher says. First, the teacher says the word mop and then pronounces
it as /m/ and [short op]. Next, the teacher says the word take and then
pronounces it as /t/ and [long ak]. This activity is likely to promote the children's
phonological awareness primarily by: Correct Answer: A. modeling how to
separate the syllables in spoken words.
B. showing them how to segment words into onsets and rimes.
, C. promoting their awareness of each phoneme in a spoken word.
D. teaching them how to distinguish between consonants and vowels.
Answer: B
A prekindergarten teacher is reading a storybook to the class so that the children
can see the words and pictures while the teacher points to the line of print. This
activity best contributes to the children's emergent reading development
primarily by: Correct Answer: A. promoting their development of letter-
recognition skills.
B. helping them recognize the function of spaces between words.
C. developing their arenas of left-to-right directionality,
D. promoting their understanding of letter-sound correspondence
Answer: C
Having kindergarten children practice tracing the letters of the alphabet in sand is
most appropriate for children who need additional support in: Correct Answer: A.
internalizing the alphabetic principle and letter-sound correspondences.
B. recognizing that print carries meaning.
C. understanding the relationship between spoken and written language.
D. developing letter-formation skills.
Answer: D
A kindergarten teacher encourages beginning readers to "write" their own
captions beneath their drawings. This practice is most likely to lead to which of
the following outcomes? Correct Answer: A. The children's grasp of the alphabetic
principle will be reinforced as they apply phonetic spelling.
their reading development primarily because it prepares students to: Correct
Answer: A. recognize high-frequency words in a text automatically.
B. combine letter-sounds to decode words.
C. guess the meaning of unfamiliar words from their context.
D. divide written words into onsets and rimes.
Answer: B
A teacher is selecting words to use to assess students; ability to segment the
individual phonemes in spoken words. Which of the following words would
require the highest level of skill with regard to orally segmenting phones? Correct
Answer: A. stamp
B. catch
C. fudge
D. chase
Answer: A
Which of the following tasks requires the most advanced level of skill along the
phonological awareness continuumm? Correct Answer: A. orally segmenting the
phonemes in the word chimp and then substituting short /o/ for short /I/ to make
a new word, chomp
B. orally segmenting the word wonderful into won/der/ful and then tapping the
number of syllables in the word
,C. listening to the words place and plunk and then orally segmenting each word
into its onset and rime
D. listening to the words fiddle and fresh and then determining that both words
begin with the same phoneme, /f/
Answer: A
A kindergarten teacher engages a small group of children in the following Say It
and Move It activity.
The teacher says a two-phoneme word slowly (e.g., ape, been day, eat, go, she,
toe).
The children slowly repeat the word.
The children move a plain wooden block as they say each phoneme, lining up the
two blocks left to right.
Once the children demonstrate mastery of this activity, which of the following
strategies would be most appropriate for the teacher to use next to build the
children's phonemic awareness? Correct Answer: A. writing pairs of words on the
board that differ by one phoneme (e.g., ape, cape) and pointing out to the
children that the second word contains more phonemes than the first
B. exchanging the plain blocks for alphabet blocks and then helping the children
do the Say It and Move It activity with relevant letter blocks, using pairs of words
that have two and three phonemes (e.g., go, goat)
C. saying a pair of words that differ by one phoneme (e.g., bee, beach) and
encouraging the children to generate pairs of words that rhyme with the target
words (e.g., tea, teach)
,D. displaying pictures for a pair of two- and three-phoneme words that differ by a
single phoneme (e.g., toe, toad) and having the children complete the Say It and
Move It activity for each word in the pair
Answer: D
Use the table below to answer the question.
Line. Target Word Number of Speech Sounds
1 though. 2
2. best 3
3 fresh 5
4 scratch 6
In which line in the table is a word accurately matched to the number of
phonemes the word contains? Correct Answer: A. Line 1
B. Line 2
C. Line 3
D. Line 4
Answer: A
A prekindergarten teacher asks a small group of children to listen to and repeat
what the teacher says. First, the teacher says the word mop and then pronounces
it as /m/ and [short op]. Next, the teacher says the word take and then
pronounces it as /t/ and [long ak]. This activity is likely to promote the children's
phonological awareness primarily by: Correct Answer: A. modeling how to
separate the syllables in spoken words.
B. showing them how to segment words into onsets and rimes.
, C. promoting their awareness of each phoneme in a spoken word.
D. teaching them how to distinguish between consonants and vowels.
Answer: B
A prekindergarten teacher is reading a storybook to the class so that the children
can see the words and pictures while the teacher points to the line of print. This
activity best contributes to the children's emergent reading development
primarily by: Correct Answer: A. promoting their development of letter-
recognition skills.
B. helping them recognize the function of spaces between words.
C. developing their arenas of left-to-right directionality,
D. promoting their understanding of letter-sound correspondence
Answer: C
Having kindergarten children practice tracing the letters of the alphabet in sand is
most appropriate for children who need additional support in: Correct Answer: A.
internalizing the alphabetic principle and letter-sound correspondences.
B. recognizing that print carries meaning.
C. understanding the relationship between spoken and written language.
D. developing letter-formation skills.
Answer: D
A kindergarten teacher encourages beginning readers to "write" their own
captions beneath their drawings. This practice is most likely to lead to which of
the following outcomes? Correct Answer: A. The children's grasp of the alphabetic
principle will be reinforced as they apply phonetic spelling.
