Pearson Biology Test Study Guide Part A Questions and Answers updated

▪ What three subatomic particles make up atoms? - AnsThe subatomic particles that makeup atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons. ▪ What subatomic particles make up the nucleus of an atom? - Ansprotons and neutrons ▪ What subatomic particles surround the nucleus of an atom? - Anselectrons ▪ The atomic number of an element is equal to - Ans the number of protons ▪ and in an electrically neutral element also the number of electrons ▪ The atomic mass of an element is equal to - Ansthe number of protons + the number of neutrons ▪ How do you calculate the mass number when given the numbers of subatomic particles? - Ansadd the number of protons plus the number of neutrons ▪ What is an isotope? - AnsAn atom of the same element that has a different number of neutrons than the common configuration of the same element. ▪ Note: the number of protons AND the number of electrons for all isotopes of the same element are the same. ▪ Denoted by the element name followed by the mass number ▪ Examples: Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14 ▪ How are all of the isotopes of an element similar? - AnsBecause they have the same number of electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties. ▪ In what ways do compounds differ from their component elements? - AnsThe physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed. ▪ Explain the differences between the elements that make up the compound table salt. - AnsNaCl = Sodium chloride = table salt an ionic compound that is safe to eat and is used to season and preserve food; chemically stable and shelf-safe, a white crystalline solid that dissolves in water Na = Sodium a silver-colored metal that is soft enough to cut with a knife highly reactive -- reacts explosively with water Cl = Chlorine a poisonous yellow-greenish gas highly reactive -- was used in battles during World War I as a weaponized gas ▪ What are the main types of chemical bonds? - AnsThe main types of chemical bonds are ionic (usually bonded to a metal) and covalent (usually shared between nonmetals). ▪ What part of an atom forms chemical bonds? - Ansvalence electrons ▪ In addition to holding compounds together, chemical bonds store _______________. - Ansenergy ▪ Ionic bonds - Anselectrons are given away by one element and taken by another element ionic compounds are held together by the + to - charge of the ionic bond -- like magnets! ▪ Ions - Anspositively or negatively charged atoms form ionic bonds highly reactive, especially groups 1,2, 16, and 17 on the periodic table; like sodium, magnesium, oxygen, and chlorine ▪ Ion formed when an atom gain electrons - Ansnegativ