NURS 20030 Exam 3 Questions with Verified Solutions Graded A+
large intestine - Answers -Primary organ of bowel elimination
-Extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus
-Functions
~~Absorption of water
~~Formation of feces
~~Expulsion of feces from the body
small intestine - Answers -Secretes enzymes aiding in protein and carb digestion
-3 Parts: duodenum, jejunum & ileum
-Function:
~~Receive liver and pancreases juices for digestion
~~Food digestion and nutrient absorption in the bloodstream
process of peristalsis - Answers -Peristalsis is under control of the nervous system.
-Contractions occur every 3 to 12 minutes.
-Mass peristalsis sweeps occur one to four times each 24-hour period.
-One-third to one-half of food waste is excreted in stool within 24 hours.
variables influencing bowel elimination - Answers -Developmental considerations
-Daily patterns
-Food and fluid
-Activity and muscle tone
-Lifestyle
-Psychological variables
-Pathologic conditions
-Medications
-Diagnostic studies
,-Surgery and anesthesia
developmental considerations - Answers -Infants: Characteristics of stool and frequency
depend on formula or breast feedings.
-Toddler: Physiologic maturity is the first priority for bowel training/Voluntary bowel control
btwn 22-36 mos
-Child, adolescent, adult: Defecation patterns vary in quantity, frequency, and rhythmicity. 1-2 /
day to 1 every other 2-3 days
-Older adult: Constipation is often a chronic problem; diarrhea and fecal incontinence may result
from physiologic or lifestyle changes resulting in a decrease in motility.
foods affecting bowel elimination - Answers -Constipating foods: cheese, lean meat, eggs, pasta
-Foods with laxative effect: fruits and vegetables, bran, chocolate, alcohol, coffee
-Gas (flatulence)-producing foods: onions, cabbage, beans, cauliflower
Effect of medications on stool - Answers -Aspirin, anticoagulants: pink to red to black stool
-Iron salts: black stool (patients need accurate assessment of number of BM with stool softener
administration when taking iron tx)
-Antacids: white discoloration or speckling in stool
-Antibiotics: green-gray color
physical assessment of the abdomen - Answers -Inspection: observe contour, any masses,
scars, or distention
-Auscultation: listen for bowel sounds in all quadrants
~~Note frequency and character, audible clicks, and flatus.
~~Describe bowel sounds as hypoactive, hyperactive, absent or infrequent.
-Percussion and palpations: performed by advanced practice professionals
inspection and palpation - Answers -Lesions, ulcers, fissures (linear break on the margin of the
anus), inflammation, and external hemorrhoids
-Ask the patient to bear down as though having a bowel movement. -Assess for the appearance
of internal hemorrhoids or fissures and fecal masses.
-Inspect perineal area for skin irritation secondary to diarrhea or fecal incontinence.
stool collection - Answers -Medical aseptic technique is imperative.
,-Hand hygiene, before and after glove use, is essential.
-Wear disposable gloves.
-Do not contaminate outside of container with stool.
-Obtain stool and package, label, and transport according to agency policy (in a plastic
biohazard/sealable bag)
-Occult Blood, culture and sensitivity, pus, ova and parasites
-Void first so that urine is not in stool sample.
-Defecate into the container rather than toilet bowl.
-Do not place toilet tissue in the bedpan or specimen container.
-Notify nurse when specimen is available.
stool specimen collection - Answers -To test stool sample for presence of hidden blood
~~Hemoccult or fecal occult blood test
---Uses a solution of guaiac to test for presence of blood
---Using small wooden blade smear small amount of stool on testing slide to test for presence
of occult blood.
types of direct visualization studies - Answers -Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
-Colonoscopy
-Sigmoidoscopy
-Wireless capsule endoscopy
indirect visualization studies - Answers -Upper gastrointestinal (UGI)
-Small bowel series
-Barium enema
-Abdominal ultrasound
-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
-Abdominal CT scan
~~Noninvasive procedures take precedence over invasive procedures
, patient outcomes for normal bowel elimination - Answers -Patient has a soft, formed bowel
movement every 1 to 3 days without discomfort.
-The relationship between bowel elimination and diet, fluid, and exercise is explained.
-Patient should seek medical evaluation if changes in stool color or consistency persist.
promoting regular bowel habits - Answers -Timing
-Positioning
-Privacy
-Nutrition/Hydration
-Exercise
~~Abdominal settings
~~Thigh strengthening
individuals at high risk for constipation - Answers -Patients on bedrest taking constipating
medicines
-Patients with reduced fluids or bulk in their diet
-Patients who are depressed
-Patients with central nervous system disease or local lesions that cause pain while defecating
nursing measures for the patient with diarrhea - Answers -Answer call bells immediately.
-Prevents falls!!
-Remove the cause of diarrhea whenever possible (e.g., medication).
-If there is impaction, obtain physician order for rectal examination.
-Give special care to the region around the anus.
preventing food poisoning - Answers -Never buy food with damaged packaging.
-Take items requiring refrigeration home immediately.
-Wash hands and surfaces often.
-Use separate cutting boards for foods.
-Thoroughly wash all fruits and vegetables before eating.
large intestine - Answers -Primary organ of bowel elimination
-Extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus
-Functions
~~Absorption of water
~~Formation of feces
~~Expulsion of feces from the body
small intestine - Answers -Secretes enzymes aiding in protein and carb digestion
-3 Parts: duodenum, jejunum & ileum
-Function:
~~Receive liver and pancreases juices for digestion
~~Food digestion and nutrient absorption in the bloodstream
process of peristalsis - Answers -Peristalsis is under control of the nervous system.
-Contractions occur every 3 to 12 minutes.
-Mass peristalsis sweeps occur one to four times each 24-hour period.
-One-third to one-half of food waste is excreted in stool within 24 hours.
variables influencing bowel elimination - Answers -Developmental considerations
-Daily patterns
-Food and fluid
-Activity and muscle tone
-Lifestyle
-Psychological variables
-Pathologic conditions
-Medications
-Diagnostic studies
,-Surgery and anesthesia
developmental considerations - Answers -Infants: Characteristics of stool and frequency
depend on formula or breast feedings.
-Toddler: Physiologic maturity is the first priority for bowel training/Voluntary bowel control
btwn 22-36 mos
-Child, adolescent, adult: Defecation patterns vary in quantity, frequency, and rhythmicity. 1-2 /
day to 1 every other 2-3 days
-Older adult: Constipation is often a chronic problem; diarrhea and fecal incontinence may result
from physiologic or lifestyle changes resulting in a decrease in motility.
foods affecting bowel elimination - Answers -Constipating foods: cheese, lean meat, eggs, pasta
-Foods with laxative effect: fruits and vegetables, bran, chocolate, alcohol, coffee
-Gas (flatulence)-producing foods: onions, cabbage, beans, cauliflower
Effect of medications on stool - Answers -Aspirin, anticoagulants: pink to red to black stool
-Iron salts: black stool (patients need accurate assessment of number of BM with stool softener
administration when taking iron tx)
-Antacids: white discoloration or speckling in stool
-Antibiotics: green-gray color
physical assessment of the abdomen - Answers -Inspection: observe contour, any masses,
scars, or distention
-Auscultation: listen for bowel sounds in all quadrants
~~Note frequency and character, audible clicks, and flatus.
~~Describe bowel sounds as hypoactive, hyperactive, absent or infrequent.
-Percussion and palpations: performed by advanced practice professionals
inspection and palpation - Answers -Lesions, ulcers, fissures (linear break on the margin of the
anus), inflammation, and external hemorrhoids
-Ask the patient to bear down as though having a bowel movement. -Assess for the appearance
of internal hemorrhoids or fissures and fecal masses.
-Inspect perineal area for skin irritation secondary to diarrhea or fecal incontinence.
stool collection - Answers -Medical aseptic technique is imperative.
,-Hand hygiene, before and after glove use, is essential.
-Wear disposable gloves.
-Do not contaminate outside of container with stool.
-Obtain stool and package, label, and transport according to agency policy (in a plastic
biohazard/sealable bag)
-Occult Blood, culture and sensitivity, pus, ova and parasites
-Void first so that urine is not in stool sample.
-Defecate into the container rather than toilet bowl.
-Do not place toilet tissue in the bedpan or specimen container.
-Notify nurse when specimen is available.
stool specimen collection - Answers -To test stool sample for presence of hidden blood
~~Hemoccult or fecal occult blood test
---Uses a solution of guaiac to test for presence of blood
---Using small wooden blade smear small amount of stool on testing slide to test for presence
of occult blood.
types of direct visualization studies - Answers -Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
-Colonoscopy
-Sigmoidoscopy
-Wireless capsule endoscopy
indirect visualization studies - Answers -Upper gastrointestinal (UGI)
-Small bowel series
-Barium enema
-Abdominal ultrasound
-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
-Abdominal CT scan
~~Noninvasive procedures take precedence over invasive procedures
, patient outcomes for normal bowel elimination - Answers -Patient has a soft, formed bowel
movement every 1 to 3 days without discomfort.
-The relationship between bowel elimination and diet, fluid, and exercise is explained.
-Patient should seek medical evaluation if changes in stool color or consistency persist.
promoting regular bowel habits - Answers -Timing
-Positioning
-Privacy
-Nutrition/Hydration
-Exercise
~~Abdominal settings
~~Thigh strengthening
individuals at high risk for constipation - Answers -Patients on bedrest taking constipating
medicines
-Patients with reduced fluids or bulk in their diet
-Patients who are depressed
-Patients with central nervous system disease or local lesions that cause pain while defecating
nursing measures for the patient with diarrhea - Answers -Answer call bells immediately.
-Prevents falls!!
-Remove the cause of diarrhea whenever possible (e.g., medication).
-If there is impaction, obtain physician order for rectal examination.
-Give special care to the region around the anus.
preventing food poisoning - Answers -Never buy food with damaged packaging.
-Take items requiring refrigeration home immediately.
-Wash hands and surfaces often.
-Use separate cutting boards for foods.
-Thoroughly wash all fruits and vegetables before eating.
