AS 121 Exam 5 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025-2026
4 Types of Hypoxia - Answers 1) Hypoxic - insufficient oxygen flow
2) Hypemic - blood not able to carry enough oxygen
3) Stagnant - Not flowing
4) Histotoxic - cells cannot make use of oxygen
CO Poisoning is Hypemic
Hyperventilation: What is it? What are the symptoms? What are the remedies? - Answers
Excessive Rate and depth of breathing which leads to loss of CO2 in body. Symptoms are
headache, diziness, visual impairment, muscle spasms and more. Remedies could be breathe
into paper bag or talk aloud or slow breathing
How is Hyperventilation and Hypoxia similar and how are they different? - Answers Symptoms
are fairly similar except one means a lack of CO2 which should be treated as such if in doubt
SODA - Answers Statement of Demonstrated Ability
Waivers - Answers Recieiving medical with less than perfect conditions
Special Issuance Medical - Answers When disqualifying condition demonstrates ability
IMSAFE - Answers Illness
Medication
Stress
Alcohol
Fatigue
Eating
Alcohol - Answers 8 hours; 0.04 blood alcohol levels
61.53 - Answers prohibits acting as pilot-in-command or in any other capacity as a required pilot
flight crewmember if conditions/situations do not allow it
91.17 - Answers prohibits the use of any drug that affects the person's faculties in any way
contrary to safety
15. Fatigue: 2 types - Answers Acute and Chronic
, 16. TUC means - Answers Time of useful conciosness and is 30-60 seconds 35K feet
Middle Ear and Sinus problems - Answers During climbs and descents, middle ear pressure
expands and contracts which can cause discomfort if unable to equalize due to sinus
congestion or upper respiratory infection.
Vision for flight: Scanning, Day verses night operations, - Answers Night use off-center viewing,
30 minutes to adjust. Sensitive to fatigue. Not using rods at night. 10 degree during day, lights
around object at night
Light Gun Signals: Ground AND Air - Answers Green means clear to land or takeoff
Night vision; Night Illusions - Answers Autokenisis -
False Horizon
Reversible Perspective Illusion
Size-Distance Illusion
Fascination (Fixation)
Flicker Vertigo
Optical Illusions - Answers -Runway Width Illusion
-Runway and Terrain Slopes Illusion
•Featureless Terrain Illusion
•Water Refraction
•Haze
•Fog
•Ground Lighting Illusions
Visual Illusions: What is the effect of haze in flight? Does haze make things seem closer or
farther away? - Answers Haze makes things seem further away. causes you to be lower
Spatial Disorientation: What is it? How to prevent it? When is the pilot most susceptible? -
Answers Lack of orientation with regard to the position, attitude, or movement of the airplane in
space
Vestibular + Somatosensory + Visual = Spatial Orientation
4 Types of Hypoxia - Answers 1) Hypoxic - insufficient oxygen flow
2) Hypemic - blood not able to carry enough oxygen
3) Stagnant - Not flowing
4) Histotoxic - cells cannot make use of oxygen
CO Poisoning is Hypemic
Hyperventilation: What is it? What are the symptoms? What are the remedies? - Answers
Excessive Rate and depth of breathing which leads to loss of CO2 in body. Symptoms are
headache, diziness, visual impairment, muscle spasms and more. Remedies could be breathe
into paper bag or talk aloud or slow breathing
How is Hyperventilation and Hypoxia similar and how are they different? - Answers Symptoms
are fairly similar except one means a lack of CO2 which should be treated as such if in doubt
SODA - Answers Statement of Demonstrated Ability
Waivers - Answers Recieiving medical with less than perfect conditions
Special Issuance Medical - Answers When disqualifying condition demonstrates ability
IMSAFE - Answers Illness
Medication
Stress
Alcohol
Fatigue
Eating
Alcohol - Answers 8 hours; 0.04 blood alcohol levels
61.53 - Answers prohibits acting as pilot-in-command or in any other capacity as a required pilot
flight crewmember if conditions/situations do not allow it
91.17 - Answers prohibits the use of any drug that affects the person's faculties in any way
contrary to safety
15. Fatigue: 2 types - Answers Acute and Chronic
, 16. TUC means - Answers Time of useful conciosness and is 30-60 seconds 35K feet
Middle Ear and Sinus problems - Answers During climbs and descents, middle ear pressure
expands and contracts which can cause discomfort if unable to equalize due to sinus
congestion or upper respiratory infection.
Vision for flight: Scanning, Day verses night operations, - Answers Night use off-center viewing,
30 minutes to adjust. Sensitive to fatigue. Not using rods at night. 10 degree during day, lights
around object at night
Light Gun Signals: Ground AND Air - Answers Green means clear to land or takeoff
Night vision; Night Illusions - Answers Autokenisis -
False Horizon
Reversible Perspective Illusion
Size-Distance Illusion
Fascination (Fixation)
Flicker Vertigo
Optical Illusions - Answers -Runway Width Illusion
-Runway and Terrain Slopes Illusion
•Featureless Terrain Illusion
•Water Refraction
•Haze
•Fog
•Ground Lighting Illusions
Visual Illusions: What is the effect of haze in flight? Does haze make things seem closer or
farther away? - Answers Haze makes things seem further away. causes you to be lower
Spatial Disorientation: What is it? How to prevent it? When is the pilot most susceptible? -
Answers Lack of orientation with regard to the position, attitude, or movement of the airplane in
space
Vestibular + Somatosensory + Visual = Spatial Orientation
