DCF: CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT CGAD CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+

DCF: CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT CGAD CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ “What is a theory? - CORRECT ANSWER A set of facts or principles analyzed in relation to one another and used to explain phenomena(a fact or behavior that can be observed)" "How do you create a positive environment for children in your care? - CORRECT ANSWER *Ensure learning centers have ample space for movement. *Reduce the number of transitions throughout the day. *Ensure the environment feels safe for the child. *Provide activities that are slightly challenging to the child. *Provide activities to increase development without causing frustration." "Abraham Maslow developed what? - CORRECT ANSWER The hierarchy of human needs" "What is the meaning of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt? - CORRECT ANSWER *Toddlers need to explore their own bodies and environment in order to become confident about themselves. *When autonomy is allowed a person can become comfortable with his/her choices. *A lack of autonomy can result in a feeling of shame or insecurity." "What is the meaning of Initiative vs. Guilt? - CORRECT ANSWER *When initiative is encourged,a person experiments within one's environment. *4 or 5 year olds begin to develop an interest in exploring beyond themselves. *Children who can't explore will be prone to guilt for their actions. *A lack of industry can result in a feeling of low self worth." "What does Erikson's theory mean to a child care professional? - CORRECT ANSWER It means they can: *Create relationships with children based on trust. *Allow children to exercise autonomy whenever safe and practical. *Guide children to initiate activity or portions of activities whenever safe and practical. *Promote the building of your children's creativity during activities." "What are the signs of sensorimotor? - CORRECT ANSWER *Explore their world through senses and motor skills. *Understand the world by physically manipulating objects. *Trial and error problem solving *Object permanence child does not know that physical objects remain in existence when out of sight." "What are signs of preoperational? - CORRECT ANSWER *Preschoolers and early school-age children learn about their world through their actions. *Uses symbols to mentally represent objects. *Increase development of language and concepts. *Reasoning may be illogical and not sequential. *Egocentric thought processes" "What are signs of concrete-operational? - CORRECT ANSWER *Older school-age children learn about their world by applying logic. *Deal with changes and process *Are able to make relationships about why things happen. *Understand how things relate to one another" "What are signs of formal operations? - CORRECT ANSWER *Early high-school schildren learn about their world through constructing and solving problems. *Begin to think about thinking *Think in abstract terms *Make educated guesses" "How does knowledge of Jean Piaget's four stages help you the child care provider? - CORRECT ANSWER The stages help you understand how babies and children may percieve their envirnment." "When you plan developmentally appropriate learning activities what is important to keep in mind? - CORRECT ANSWER A child's stage of cognitive development" "Where must Learning environments be developed? - CORRECT ANSWER Where children play an active role in their own education as well as the educatiom of their peers. The adult collaborates with children in order to create meaing in ways that childrencan make their own." "What does the culture that surrounds children and their social interaction lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER Continous step-by-step changes in their learning and behavior." "What factors influence child's growth and development? - CORRECT ANSWER ...This course will teach you the basic principals of child growth and development." "What are the developmental domains? - CORRECT ANSWER ...you will learn how these principles affect children's learning." "Define Growth - CORRECT ANSWER A is specific body changes and increases in the child's size,such as height,weight,head circumference and body mass index." "Define Development - CORRECT ANSWER An increase in complexity,a change from relatively simple to more complicated.Usually involves a progression along a continous pathway on which the child acquires more refined knowledge,behaviors, and skills." "body - CORRECT ANSWER We define growth as specific ____ changes and increases in the child's size." "During the first year of an infants life,babies grow how much in length and weight? - CORRECT ANSWER They can grow_10__inches in length and triple their birth weight." "After the first year a baby's growth slows down to how many inches a year? - CORRECT ANSWER They grow _5_ inches a year for the next 2 years and continues from age 2 or 3 to puberty at a rate of two to three inches each year." "When do girls enter puberty? - CORRECT ANSWER Between _8_ to _13_ years of age" "When do boys usually enter puberty? - CORRECT ANSWER _10_ to _15_ years of age" "How does growth proceed? - CORRECT ANSWER From the head downward and from the center of the body outward." "Children gain control of what first followed by their arms and legs - CORRECT ANSWER Head and neck" "At birth what three part's of the body are fully functioning inorder to support the infant? - CORRECT ANSWER The brain,heart,and spinal cord" "As children grow which two muscles must develop first before the finger and toe muscles do? - CORRECT ANSWER The arm and leg muscles" "Do children differ in growth? - CORRECT ANSWER Yes, some children are taller,some shorter. Some children are smaller,while others are larger." "How is normal growth supported? - CORRECT ANSWER By good nutrition,adequate sleep,and regular exercise." "Do children grow at a steady rate throughout their childhood? - CORRECT ANSWER No" "Children will experience weeks or months of slightly slower growth followed by what? - CORRECT ANSWER Growth spurts" "How can you help children understand their differences in growth? - CORRECT ANSWER Show pictures of various stages of growth and showing them what's alike." "If you detect that a child is self-conscious about her size,how would you help her work on increasing her self acceptance? - CORRECT ANSWER Show them that being diffrent is what makes us unique and special." "If you have some concern about a growth-related issue about a child,how would you approach this issue with parents? - CORRECT ANSWER First build relationship with parent,then share typical growth information with them." "Is the developmental sequence the same for all children? - CORRECT ANSWER Yes,but the rate varies" "What are the characteristics of Physical health and Motor Development Domains? - CORRECT ANSWER Involves increased physical growth and abilities." "What are characteristics of Cognitive Development and General Knowledge and Approaches to Learning Domain? - CORRECT ANSWER Thinking,planning,creating,exploring,and questioning." "What are the characteristics of Langueage and Communication Domain of Development? - CORRECT ANSWER A child's ability to see,hear,speak,read,and write." "How is Social and Emotional Domain of Development defined? - CORRECT ANSWER By forming relationships and attachments." "How many brain cells do we get at birth and how much wiring is between them? - CORRECT ANSWER 100 billion but their is minimial wiring between them." "What is a Synapse? - CORRECT ANSWER A connection between two nerve cells.They are formes throughout the brain throughout life." "Early on how are these new pathways? - CORRECT ANSWER Simple,vulnerable,and grow rapidly." "Over time the brain surrounds the synapse with a kind of insulation that offers protection to the conncections. What is the insulation called? - CORRECT ANSWER Myelin" "How are messages between synapses sent? - CORRECT ANSWER Electrochemically" "What chemicals are involved in conveying messages? - CORRECT ANSWER Serotonin,norepinephrine,epinephrine,dopamineand tryptamine" "Some chemicals are specialized and indicate what? - CORRECT ANSWER Pleasure,pain or alarm" "What determines which connections are initially formed? - CORRECT ANSWER Stimulation and experience" "What gets "wired" into the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER Stimuli that are encountered early and often,as well as the child's successful responses." "What helps determine the strength and durability of a connection? - CORRECT ANSWER Practice and Repitition" "What does the saying "use it or lose it" apply to? - CORRECT ANSWER Brain development" "How are a baby's early repertoire of responses exercised? - CORRECT ANSWER At random" "What are some examples of how these things affect development? - CORRECT ANSWER If your not feeding them properly they wont grow. Greeting allows them to feel like they belong. If they dont have a lot space they won't develop gross motor skills." "Knowledgeable caregivers can do what? - CORRECT ANSWER Detect indicators of possible delays,and can help get the child the assistance he needs." "Why should child care professionals learn about principles of child development? - CORRECT ANSWER Care and the environment can support or hinder development. The knowledgeable caregiver can support a child in learning new skills. When a child is struggling with a new skill,timely intervention can help hime over come a problem and catch-up." "How many of your interactions witha child have an affect on their development and learning? - CORRECT ANSWER All of them" "As a child care provider you should always do what? - CORRECT ANSWER Be on the lookout for signs of developmental delays and be aware of appropriate methods of dealing with children experiencing developmental delays." "How can you use your knowledge about the principles of child growth and development? - CORRECT ANSWER By looking out for the child who is not yet showing the skills and behaviors we would expect in a certain age range." "It is important to remember what? - CORRECT ANSWER To NOT diagnose children." "Passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990 sent what message? - CORRECT ANSWER That children and adults with disabilities are entitles to the same rights." "What does it mean when the Americans With Disabilities Act states that people with disabilities are entitles to equal rights? - CORRECT ANSWER It means that children with disabilities are legally entitled to equal access to community-based child care settigs." "Is a legal mandate by itself sufficent enough to make realistic and responsive child care options available to children with disabilities? - CORRECT ANSWER No" "How would you address a child who is physically challenged? - CORRECT ANSWER Leveled surface area and enough space to manuvre." "How would you address a child who is socially challenged(a child who had autism) - CORRECT ANSWER Follow certain schedules,give them heads up on next transition." "How do you address a child who is shy or emotionally challenged? - CORRECT ANSWER Set them up with a buddy." "How do you address a who is gifted? - CORRECT ANSWER More challenging activities but dont make them mini teacher." "How do you address a child who is mentally challenged? - CORRECT ANSWER Don't hinder them,don't make things to difficult." "What factors have a great influence on the development of children and the decisions child care proffesionals take in planning their learning and care? - CORRECT ANSWER Internal and external" "Why is nutirition important? - CORRECT ANSWER Food gives energy to get through the day and learn and grow." "Why are exercise levels important? - CORRECT ANSWER The keep kids healthy" "Why are daily physical and learning routines important? - CORRECT ANSWER Consistence helps them feel better." "Why are relationships with family and friends important? - CORRECT ANSWER They provide a sense of security and belonging" "Why is promoting social interaction important? - CORRECT ANSWER So they can interact with others" "Why are social interaction and the children with disabilities important? - CORRECT ANSWER Helps children with and without special needs interact in positive way." "What environmental influences are important for children's growth and development? - CORRECT ANSWER Nutrition,exercise levels, daily routines in physical activities and learning and relationships with adults and other children." "What is heredity? - CORRECT ANSWER The passing down of genetic charecteristics from parents to their children." "How does heredity influence a child? - CORRECT ANSWER Through the inheritance pf physical characteristics and temperment from birth parents at the time of conception." "When does the influence of heredity exist? - CORRECT ANSWER before the child is conceived.The egg of the mother and the sperm of the father carry genetic materials(genes and chromosomes) that combine to form a unique child." "What are the blueprints for cells? - CORRECT ANSWER Genes- They contain all the instructions necessary to create the human body." "What are genes made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER Large,complex molecules called DNA." "What is a genotype disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER A defect existing in the genetic material from either the father or mother and may be inherited by the child." "How many characteristics are determined through heredity factors? - CORRECT ANSWER Hundrends but not all of them are favorable." "Temperment describes what? - CORRECT ANSWER The emotional response of a child" "What can disturb or delay normal development? - CORRECT ANSWER Impairment resulting from prenatal problems, trauma during birth,accidents,illness,or disease that damages the body or mind." "What is important during the early years while rapid growth is occuringand while bones and muscles are maturing? - CORRECT ANSWER A child's nutritional intake" "Children may progress more slowly when they have multiple developmental challenges such as? - CORRECT ANSWER Poor eyesight,poor motor control and language impairment." "How can a developmental obstacle be overcome or reduced? - CORRECT ANSWER By teamwork between the child,parents and the child care professional." "What is Public Law 94-142 also known as? - CORRECT ANSWER The Inclusion Rule" "When was Public Law 92-142 passed? - CORRECT ANSWER In 1975, by the 94th congress" "What does inclusion mean? - CORRECT ANSWER Including children with special need,side by side,with their non-handicapped peers. This allows children to learn from each other." "What are some benefits to the Inclusion Rule? - CORRECT ANSWER Including children with special needs helps speed up development,result in fewer children being retained in later grades and improve the quality of family relationships." "Who has an impact on a child's health status? - CORRECT ANSWER The child's family" "What are a number of health issues that the family controls? - CORRECT ANSWER Serving healthy meals, frequency of doctor visits and getting the necessary immunizations." "Where does parental responsibility begin? - CORRECT ANSWER With good pre-natal care" "Examples of Possible Learning Problems: - CORRECT ANSWER *Unable to follow directions because they cannot remember what was said. *Frequently bumping into things,knocking things over. *Unable to see differences in size,shape and color *Cannot remember what is seen or heard. *Cannot tell the difference betweensounds and textures." "Examples of Possible Attention Problems: - CORRECT ANSWER *Acts very quickly without thinking about consequences. *Very short attention span *Cannot complete task. *Switches from one task to another. *Easily distracted by another situation. *Unable to return to original task. *Excessive movement *Constant motion even when classroom is quiet." "Developmental obstacles do what? - CORRECT ANSWER They vary widely but affect all development." "What is crucial to making your decisions as a child care professional? - CORRECT ANSWER Knowledge of developmental stages and influences on a child." Growth proceeds from the _____ downward and from the center of the ____ outward. (p. 3) - CORRECT ANSWER head and body" "True or False: Growth proceeds from the center of the body outward (p. 3) - CORRECT ANSWER False, from head and then from body outward." "True or False: At birth, the brain, heart and spinal cord are fully functioning. (p. 3) - CORRECT ANSWER True fully functioning." "True or False: The finger and toe muscles develop before the arm and leg muscles. (p. 3) - CORRECT ANSWER False, arm and leg develop first." "True or False: Children differ in their growth. (p.3) - CORRECT ANSWER True" "True or False: Children grow at perfectly steady rates. - CORRECT ANSWER False" "Principle 1 of Child Growth and Development name and give example. - CORRECT ANSWER Developmental Sequence is Similar for All. Example: 4 mo. old Sara rolled over; a few weeks later scooted by Dec. 6 mo old Raul rolled over and scooted, Renae 5 mo. old rolled and you predict will soon scoot." "Principle 2 of Child Growth and Development name and give example. - CORRECT ANSWER Development Proceeds from General to Specific. Example: 3 mo. old Sean loves to wave his arms. As you watch him, you think of skills he'll next grasp, hold crayon and someday write with a pencil." "Principle 3 of Child Growth and Development name and give example. - CORRECT ANSWER Development is Continuous. Example: At 2 Solidary Play, at 2 1/2 Parallel Play, at 3 Associatie Play, at 3 1/2 Cooperative Play and Real Friend." "Principle 4 of Child Growth and Development name and give example. - CORRECT ANSWER Development Proceeds at Different Rates. Example: Tom and Tim are twins. Tom road tricycle at 3. Tim road tricycle at almost 4 with confidence." "Principle 5 of Child Growth and Development name and give example. - CORRECT ANSWER All Areas of Development are Interrelated. Example: Pete and Al are 5 and playing with a puzzle. Pete tells Al the 1st piece goes here. Al says "we both have pieces now. You believe it is a good indicator of each boys current development ." "What is mant by the term "window of opportunity" as it relates to brain development? - CORRECT ANSWER These are certain periods of time when children are especially receptive to their surroundings and interactions with other people. These periods of time are tied to brain development and readiness for learning that will directly affect the achievement of developmental milestones. For example, language skills depend on hearing other people speak." "Principle 1 is and keynotes. - CORRECT ANSWER Development Squence is Similar for All. *Children develop in relatively the same ways. *There is typical sequence of development that occurs. *They can move forward, regres for a short ime and then move forward again. *Some children may skip a behavior or skill as they move forward." "Principle 2 is and keynotes. - CORRECT ANSWER Development Proceeds from General to Specific. *Development progresses from a beginning point moving in a forward direction. *Devpmt. of behaviors and skills moves from general to specific. *Bodily changes occur in a sequential order and give children new abilities. * An infant' large muscles develope first and result in the ability to wave arms and kick the legs." "Principle 3 is and keynotes - CORRECT ANSWER Development is Continuous. *Behaviors and skills acquired becom the basis for new behaviors and skills. *Continuity from one phase of dvelopment to the next. *In order for children to write or draw, they must have developed the control of their hands and fingers to hld a crayon or pencil. *The continuation of development can easily be seen in children a tehy mature from ages two to age twelve." "Principle 4 is and keynotes. - CORRECT ANSWER Development Proceeds at Different Rates. *Each child is different, and the rates at which individual children develop are different. *Sequence for development are usually the same for all children, the rates at which individual children reach each stage will be different. *Development is never uniform, but is is constant." "Principle 5 if and keynotes: - CORRECT ANSWER All Areas of Development are Interrelated. *Development in children is interrelated. *Each area of development influences development in other areas. *Each of these development domains can be defined by one or more charcteristics. *Physical Health and Motor Development Domains involve increased physical gowth and abilities. * Cognitive Dvelopment & General KNowledge and Approaches to Learnin Domains which include thinking, planning, creating, exploring and questioning. *Language & Communication Domain includes a child's ability to see, hear, speak, read and write. *Social and Emotional Domain is defined by forming relationships and attachments." "List ways that child care programs can be inclusve and support children with development disabilities. - CORRECT ANSWER Achieving inclusion may require special training for staff members, enhanced learning opportunities for children or adaptive or modified materials, toys and equipment." "Define positive behavior support "Prevention" - CORRECT ANSWER is a strategy that stops challenging behaviors before they begin, and it is the primary method child care professionals use to encourage children to discard these behaviors." "Define positive behavior support "Redirection" - CORRECT ANSWER is a strategy that is used to guide children's behavior by recognizing challenging behavior at its earliest stages and taking steps to stop it from escalating." "Define positive behavior support "Positive reinforcement" - CORRECT ANSWER is a strategy in which desired behaviors are rewarded so that the child is encouraged to repeat them." "Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid with the 1st and largest need is: - CORRECT ANSWER Physical. Example: air, shelter, water, food, clothes, sleep" "Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid with the 2nd and next level need is: - CORRECT ANSWER Comfort and Safety. Example: Security, Stability, Transportation, Safe relationship" "Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid with the 3rd and next level need is: - CORRECT ANSWER Social. Example: Belonging, Love and Attention, Acceptance, positive interaction with others." "Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid with the 4th and next level need is: - CORRECT ANSWER Self-Esteem. Example: Adequacy, confidence, importance, feeling of competency, feeling of sucess and pride, the ability to cope and problem-solve." "Temperament is... - CORRECT ANSWER a prevailing or dominant quality that characterizes a person." "Personality is... - CORRECT ANSWER the totality of a person's attitudes, interests, behavioral patterns, emotional responses, socail role and individual traits that endure over long periods of time." "How does birth order influences child development? - CORRECT ANSWER Birth order affects a child by determining how he sees himself *Research shows that generalizations can be made as to the typical characteristics of placement. Firstborn children are more likely to go to college. Middle children seem to have the strongest feelings of neglect by parents, often feeling that they wer "squeezed out" by the other siblings. The youngest may be more pampered and creative." "How does developmental obstacles influence child development? - CORRECT ANSWER • Developmental obstacles vary widely but all affect development • Impairment resulting from prenatal problems, trauma during birth, accidents, illness, or disease that damages the body or mind may disturb or delay normal development • Other external influences can also affect development • Certain circumstances, such as parents who cannot read, who do not talk frequently with their children or homes where English is not spoken may affect the learning opportunitiesof a child and the child's ability to relate to others • The quantity and nutritional value of food consumed affects the child's development throughout life • As you know, the nutritional status of the mother during prenatal development is vital to the health of the developing child • The child's nutritional intake is also especially important during the early years while rapid growth is occurring and while bones and muscles are maturing" "Define Phyiscal Health developmental domain? - CORRECT ANSWER It refers to typicl growth patterns, changes in weight and height, general health and safety, visual perception, hearing and understanding the roles of health care professionals." "Define Motor Development domain? - CORRECT ANSWER It refers to a child's ability to move about and control various body parts. Examples would be performances like grasping, rolling over, siting up, hopping on one foot, writing, their names and usng tools for tasks." "Define Social & Emotional domain? - CORRECT ANSWER It is a broad area tha focuses on how children feel about themselves and thei relationships with others. It refers to children's indiviual behaviors and responses to play and work activities, attachments to parents and caregivers, realtionships with siblings and friends and prosocial behaviors." "Name the domain and age of milestone: Rolling over back to front? - CORRECT ANSWER Physical Domain Birth to 8 mos." "Name the domain and age of milestone: Ability to coordinate eye-hand movements? - CORRECT ANSWER Physical Domain 8 mos to 18 mos or 18-24 mos or 24-36 mos" "Name the domain and age of milestone: turning head from side to side? - CORRECT ANSWER Motor Development Domain Birth to 8 mos." "Name the domain and age of milestone: Follows simple classroom rules with guidance? - CORRECT ANSWER Social & Emotional Domain 3 yrs old" "Name the domain and age of milestone: Developing self-care skills? - CORRECT ANSWER Physical Domain 24 mos to 36 mos." "Name the domain and age of milestone:Feeding themselves without help? - CORRECT ANSWER Physical Domain 24 mos to 36 mos." "Name the domain and age of milestone: Cutting along a line? - CORRECT ANSWER Motor Development Domain 4 years old" "Name the domain and age of milestone: Exhibiting mutual eye gazes? - CORRECT ANSWER Social & Emotional Domain Birth to 8 mos." "Name the domain and age of milestone: Bathing independently or with some guidance? - CORRECT ANSWER Physical Domain 24 mos to 36 mos." "Name the domain and age of milestone: Seeking and responding to comfort? - CORRECT ANSWER Physical Domain Birth to 8 mos. or 8 mos to 18 mos." "Name the domain and age of milestone: Avoiding obstacles while running and jumping? - CORRECT ANSWER Motor Development Domain - School Age" "Name the domain and age of milestone: Following rules for competive complex games? - CORRECT ANSWER Social & Emotional Domain - School Age" "Why is it important to establish routines? - CORRECT ANSWER *a sense of security and self-esteem "My needs are met" *a sense of "Toys go here" *feelings of independence and competence "I can do this by myself" *Cognitive and language skills "Pants go on before shoes"" "Routine means - CORRECT ANSWER a predictabl esequence of steps o activities that are performd to complete a task. A rouine is based on the children's developmental level and skills and helps them feel secure and comfortable by letting them know what to expect." "Define Approaches to Learning domain? - CORRECT ANSWER refers to a child's eagerness to learn. It includes curiosity, persistence, creative problem solving and the ability to create and complete long-term projects." "Define Language & Communication Domain? - CORRECT ANSWER refers to the child's ability to communicate with others. It involves a child's ability to see, hear, speak, read and write and construct an understanding o things around them." "Define Cognitive Development & General Knowledge Domain? - CORRECT ANSWER refers to the child's intellectual or mental abilites. It involves exploration, discovery, concept and memory formation, problem slving and creative expression. It inculdes knowledge of mathematics, scientific thinking, awarenes of social studies and the arts." "Name the domain and age of milestone: "Experimenting with different types of sounds" - CORRECT ANSWER Language and Communition Birth to 8 mos." "Name the domain and age of milestone: "Working at tasks for long periods of time" - CORRECT ANSWER Approaches to Learning - School Age" "Name the domain and age of milestone: "Holding up three fingers when asked their age" - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive Development & General Knowledge Domain - 3 years old" "Name the domain and age of milestone: "Reacting to funny parts of stories by laughing" - CORRECT ANSWER Language and Communition - 24 mos to 36 mos." "Name the domain and age of milestone: "Beginning to differentiate between strangers and famliar people" - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive Development & General Knowledge Domain - Birth to 8 mos." "Name the domain and age of milestone: "Requesting that their favorite book be read over" - CORRECT ANSWER Approaches to Learning - 24 mos to 36 mos." "Name the domain and age of milestone: "Understands money denominations" - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive Development & General Knowledge Domain - School Age" "Name the domain and age of milestone: "Lifting arms up while crying to be picked up" - CORRECT ANSWER Approaches to Learning - Birth to 8 mos." "Name the domain and age of milestone: "Repeating short rhyming verses" - CORRECT ANSWER Language and Communition - 3 years old" "Name the domain and age of milestone: "Using play and different media to process new ideas" - CORRECT ANSWER Approaches to Learning - 5 year old" "Name the domain and age of milestone: "Wanting to be assigned a "job" " - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive Development & General Knowledge Domain - 24 mos to 36 mos." "Name the domain and age of milestone: "May develop strong preferences for favorite authors or genres" - CORRECT ANSWER Language and Communition - School Age" "Why is it important to use the developmental domains in your lesson plan? - CORRECT ANSWER All domains are reflected in children's activities to experience, learn and increase each domain while playing in variety of activities or materials. Keeps track what has been used and write notes of what worked or didn't. Helps whole group, small groups and indviduals." "From Developmentally Appropriate Practices list and describe the three elements that defines DAPs? - CORRECT ANSWER DAP are Age Appropriate: Birth to 12 develop and learn activities, routines and strategies for need of age group. DAP are Individually Appropriate: Children don't develop at the same rate, so when child is falling behind or needs intervention--accomodations may be required. DAP are Socially and Culturally: Diverse classroom of cultures effect peers eg. Asians taught it's rude to look in eyes, etc." "DAP is often referred to as _______ and ________. - CORRECT ANSWER Ages and Stages" "List and describe the three elements to create DAPs? - CORRECT ANSWER Active Learning: Children learn during the activity by doing. Meaningful experiences: Children have fun and memorable time during the activitiy to which they can relate ona developmental level. It relates to developmental level, cultural background and indvidual interest. Nurturing relationships: The child builds a positive relationship with his/her peers and his classmates during the activity. It is also okay fo children to work by themselves." "Explain how to use the 3-As as descried in Children with Special Needs and Culturally Diverse? - CORRECT ANSWER Awareness: become aware of needs of child and accomodations . Acceptance: Awareness leads to acceptance. Show a willingness to treat the child as an equal member of group. Appreciation: thankfulness of each child." "Identify domain of activities within each learning center: Musical Play Center - CORRECT ANSWER Dancing: Physical Singing: Language & Communication playing instruments: Motor Development Listen: Language & Communication" "Identify domain of activities within each learning center: Constructive Play Center - CORRECT ANSWER Interlocking blocks, tools: Motor/Cognitive/Approaches Manipulative: Fine Motor Development Gravity, Stability: Physical" "Identify domain of activities within each learning center: Artistic Play - CORRECT ANSWER Different kinds of paper: Approaches to Learning Scissors, rulers, tape, glue: Motor, Approaches to Learning, Cognitive Paint, Easels, brushes: Motor, Approaches, Cognitive" "Identify domain of activities within each learning center: Cognitive Center - CORRECT ANSWER Puzzles, pegboards: Cognitive/Language/Approaches Materials for counting/sorting: Cognitive" "Identify domain of activities within each learning center: Exploratory Center - CORRECT ANSWER Magnifying glass: Cognitive/Approaches Leaves, rocks, shells: Cognitive Jump ropes, balls: Physical/Motor Wagons, tricycles: Motor Aquarium, terrarium: Social & Emotional plants and animals: Approaches Balance beam: Motor dev Magnets, prisms, scales: Cognitive" "Identify domain of activities within each learning center: Dramatic Center - CORRECT ANSWER Dress-up clothes: Approaches/Lang/Motor/Social & Emot Rocking Boat: Motor Cars, trucks, planes: Motor Pots, pans, dishes: Cognitive/approaches/Social & Emot/Lang Puppets: Social & Emotional/Language Rubber/wooden people/animals: Approaches" "Identify domain of activities within each learning center: Language Center - CORRECT ANSWER Magnetic ABCs: Language Tapes of children's stories: Language/Social & Emotional/Approaches Books: Language" "Brain Gym means - CORRECT ANSWER using physical activities to help children be alert to new learning. Example activities Brain Buttons, Cross Crawl, Hook-up" "The brain is composed of ___ of ___. - CORRECT ANSWER 90% water" "Drinking water is important because... - CORRECT ANSWER brain is mostly water, help stressful situations, affect our concentration" "_____ and _____ skills develop in children at the same time. - CORRECT ANSWER Reading and writing" "When teaching or talking to children never say - CORRECT ANSWER "because I told you so."" "Young childre are developing in all domains _______. Each domain is equally ______. Rapid physical growth leads to increase and more refined ____ ______, - CORRECT ANSWER Simultaneously, important, motor development" "Children's development progresses in "___________". It is quie normal for there to be _______ in the patterns and timing of ___ and development rather than a smooth progression. ______ is uneven - children don't progress in all skills at the same time. - CORRECT ANSWER Fits and Starts, variation, growth, Development" "Maturation - CORRECT ANSWER are skills such as sitting up, grasping, or walking. They involve muscle strength and coordination." "Heredity is - CORRECT ANSWER the blend of physical and temperamenal characteristics inherited by a child from the birth parents. Inherited characteristics may have positive or negative influences on a child." "How many levels does Maslow's hierarchy have? - CORRECT ANSWER Five" "What are the 5 levels of Maslows hierarchy? - CORRECT ANSWER Level 1-Physical Level 2-Comfort and Saftey Level 3- Social Level 4-Self-esteem Level 5-Self-Actualizing" "What are examples of a Physical need? - CORRECT ANSWER *Air to breathe *Shelter to protect *Water to drink *Food to eat *Clothes to wear *Health care" "What are examples of Comfort and Saftey? - CORRECT ANSWER *Safety *Security *Stability *Transportation *Safe relationships *Child care" "What are some examples of Self-Esteem? - CORRECT ANSWER *Adequacy *Confidence *Importance *Sense of efficiency,capability,resilency,hopefulness *Ability to cope and problem solve" "What are some examples of Self-Actualizing? - CORRECT ANSWER *Fulfill one's life purpose and meaning *Being all that one is able to be *Spirituality *Personal emotional response *Refinement of interpersonal skills" "What does the heirarchy of needs mean to you as a child care professional? - CORRECT ANSWER *Basic needs must be met first,when not met,the child's self worth suffers. *Neglect can occur at all levels,not just basic needs.All needs are important. *Child care professionals need to be aware of the family circumstances to understand what needs are beig met at home." "What are some hints that will help you remember Maslows's theory? - CORRECT ANSWER *If you close the "M" at the bottom, it will form triangles or pyramids. *Maslow studies human needs. *What motivates children to act the way they do? Needs being met." "Do the lower levels of needs have to be met before higher needs can be accomplished? - CORRECT ANSWER Yes" "Successfully meeting the needs at each level results in what? - CORRECT ANSWER Fulfilling one's life with purpose and meaning." "Erik Erikson developed what? - CORRECT ANSWER He developed eight pyschosocial stages through which humans develop throughout their entire lifetime. It is called the Eight Conflicts in Emotional Development." "How is Erik Erikson recognized? - CORRECT ANSWER As a development pyschologist who can be compared to Sigmund Freud because of his theory that humans develop in stages." "What are each of Erikson's stages called? - CORRECT ANSWER Conflicts" "Moving successfully through each of Erikson's stages results in what? - CORRECT ANSWER A strong social and emotional life." "What is the first conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented at? - CORRECT ANSWER Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1 year)" "What is the second conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented? - CORRECT ANSWER Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years)" "What is the third conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented? - CORRECT ANSWER Initiative vs. Guilt (4 to 5 years)" "What is the fourth conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented? - CORRECT ANSWER Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years)" "Why don't we study Erikson's Conflicts 5-8? - CORRECT ANSWER They are important in the study of human development,but they are less significant in child development,because Erikson believes that they occur after the age of 12." "What is the meaning of Trust vs. Conflict - CORRECT ANSWER *Trust is developed over time by providing an infant with a consistent,comforting environment. *When needs are met,trust is established. *Trust builds a emotional foundation. *A lack of trust can result in proor emotional stability." "What are some hints to help you remember Erikson's theory? - CORRECT ANSWER *E. Erikson contains 8 letters---8 stages *E.E.= two "E's" playing together---social behaviors *Focus on emotional and personality development. *Major conflict at each stage and how they are dealt with affect development." "How can you resolve conflicts and create a resilient social and emotional life? - CORRECT ANSWER By encouraging trust, autonomy, initiative, and industry." "What is Jean Piaget's theory called? - CORRECT ANSWER The Four Stages of Cognitive Development" "What is Jean Piaget most known for? - CORRECT ANSWER His work on the psychology of intelligence." "What was Jean Piaget interested in? - CORRECT ANSWER Learning how children develop an intellectual understanding of the world." "What was Jean Piaget's theory based on? - CORRECT ANSWER The concept of cognitive structures. These structures are patterns of physical or mental action that underlie acts of intelligence and correspond to stages of child development." "What does Piaget assume about humans? - CORRECT ANSWER They take the information that they recieve and process it,then react to it." "According to Piaget,children develop the ability to learn in how many basic stages? - CORRECT ANSWER 4" "In each of Jean Piaget's stages what does development focus on? - CORRECT ANSWER Acquiring a diffrent set of related characteristics and abilities." "What are the Four Stages of Cognitive Development? - CORRECT ANSWER 1- Sensorimotor (0-2 years) 2- Preoperational (2-7 years) 3-Concrete-operational (7-11 years) 4-Formal Operations (11+ years)" "What does Piaget's theory help you understand? - CORRECT ANSWER Why children make thinking "mistakes"" "What are two primary instructional techniques that are based on Piaget's theory? - CORRECT ANSWER Discovery learning and supporting the developing interests of children." "Children should be exposed to a wide variety of concrete experiences such as? - CORRECT ANSWER *Use of manipulative field trips and working in groups to help them learn" "What did Lev Vygotsky develop? - CORRECT ANSWER He developed the social development theory of learning" "What did Lev Vygotsky theorize? - CORRECT ANSWER That social and cultural interaction are the primary sources of learning and behavior." "What were some of Vygotsky's major theory ideas? - CORRECT ANSWER *Children acquire knowledge through culture. *Children learn through problem solving experiences shared with a knowledgeable abult or peer. *A child can perform a task under adult guidance or with peer collaboartion that could not be achieved alone. Vygotsky called this the zone of proximal and claimed that learning occured in this zone." "What is scaffolding? - CORRECT ANSWER An instrumental technique where a person interacting with the child assumes more responsibility for guiding the learning. As the child learns,the responsibility is gradually transferred to him." "How can child care professionals use the information from vygotsky's theory? - CORRECT ANSWER *Give them things within in their range of ability *Pair children up" "What are some examples of Principle 1-Developmental sequence is similiar for all? - CORRECT ANSWER *Children develop in relatively the same ways. *They can move forward,regressfor a short time,then move forward again. *Some children may skip a behavior or skill as they move forward. *While the sequence is similar and the behaviors or skills emerge in the same order children can take more or less time each behavior or skill." "What are examples of Principle 2-Developmental proceeds from General to Specific. - CORRECT ANSWER *Development progresses from a beginning point moving in a forward direction. *Development of behaviors and skills moves from general to specific. *As children mature their bodily changes occur in a sequential order and give children new abilities. *As the brain and nervous system develops,a child's thinking cognitive skills and motor physical skills improve. *In motor development,an infant's large muscles develop first and result in the ability to wave the arms and kick the legs. *Development continues in the smaller muscles in the fingers and toes and results in the abilityof the fingers to grasp objects and the toes to help with balance when standing and walking." "What are examples of Principle 3-Development is continous - CORRECT ANSWER *In children who develop normally,behaviors and skills they have already acquired become the basis for new behaviors and skills. *There is continuity from one phase of development to the next. *Children continue to add new behaviors and skills as they perfect their ability to walk,to write or draw and to speak. *In order for children to write or draw,they must have developed the control of their hands and fingers to hold a crayon and pencil.Holding a pencil develops into writing and drawing. *The continuation of development can easily be seen in children as they mature from age 2 to age 12." "What are examples of Principle 4-Development Proceeds at diffrent rates - CORRECT ANSWER *Each child is diffrent,and the rates at which individual children develop are diffrent. *Although the sequences for development are usually the same for all children,the rates at which individual children reach each stage will be diffrent. *Some children will walk at ten months while others walk at eighteen months of age. *Development is never uniform,but it is constant." "What are examples of Principle 5- All areas of development are interrelated - CORRECT ANSWER *Development in children is interrelated *Principles 1 through 4 show how the body has to grow and develop before new behaviors and skills can occur.They also demonstrate the first 2 of 6 areas od development,called domains." "What are the 6 Domains of Development - CORRECT ANSWER *Physical Health *Motor Development *Cognitive Development and General Knowledge *Language and Communication *Social and Emotional *Approaches to Learning" "Developmental Windows - CORRECT ANSWER Certain periods of time when children are especially receptive to their surroundings and interactions with other people.These periods of time are tied to brain developmental milestones. For example,language skills depend on hearing other people speak." "If there is not adequate verbal stimulation in the first years of life what is negatively affected? - CORRECT ANSWER Language skills,especially grammar and pronunciation." "When does the window of oppurtunity for learning language skills begin to close? - CORRECT ANSWER Around 5 Years old and greatly deminishes around puberty." "How is growth influenced? - CORRECT ANSWER By the baby's environment and experiences." "A child's heredity are genes that are passed along from the parents. What do they determine? - CORRECT ANSWER The child's brain development" "What affect's brain structure? - CORRECT ANSWER Early experiences in the environment" "What determines how children develop? - CORRECT ANSWER Their environment and experiences" "What things have an affect on the development of a child's brain and their ability to socialize and grow? - CORRECT ANSWER *How you diaper,feed,and put to sleep. *The way you great,and the way comfort. *The amount of space the child had to play in,and the ambient lighting *The songs you sing *The toys you provide *The meals you serve" "Define temperment - CORRECT ANSWER A prevailing or dominant quality that characterizes a person." "Define personality - CORRECT ANSWER The totality of a person's attitudes, interests,behavioral patterns,emotional responses,social roles and individual traits that endure over long periods of time." "What is heredity? - CORRECT ANSWER The blend of physical and temperamental charecteristics inherited by a child from the birth parents. Inherited characteristics may have positive or negative influences on a child." "What are some facts about birth order? - CORRECT ANSWER *Birth order affects a child by determing how he sees himself. *Research shows that generalizations can be made as to the typical characteristics of placement. *Firstborn children are more likely to go to college. *Middle children seem to have the strongest feelings of neglect by parents, often feeling that they were "squeezed out" by the other siblings. *The youngest child may be more pampered and creative." "What are some facts about The Only Child? - CORRECT ANSWER *Be the center of attention;often enjoys position.May feel special. *Relys on service from others rather than own efforts. *Felt more incompetent because adults are more capable. *Feel unfairly treated when he doesn't get his own way. May refuse to cooperate. *Play "divide and conquer" to get his own way *Have poor peer relations as child but better relations as adult *Please others only when he wants to. *Be creative" "What are some facts about The First Child? - CORRECT ANSWER Develop competent,responsible behavior or become very discouraged. *Sometimes strive to protect and help others accept responsibility. *Use to being center of attention *Believe's must have superiority *Pressure to please" "What are some facts about The Second Child? - CORRECT ANSWER Act as if in a race,trying to catch up,or overtake first child. If first child is "good", second may be labeled "bad." *Be rebellious.Often doesn't like this position in the family. *Never had parent undivided attention *Develop abilities first that first child did not." "What are some facts about The Third Child or Middle Children? - CORRECT ANSWER *Feel unloved,left out, "squeezed." *Be adaptable.May learn to deal with both oldest and youngest sibiling. *Felt less pressure *Doesn't fit into family *Feels like problem child" "What are some facts about The Youngest Child? - CORRECT ANSWER *Behave like an only child.May feel that everyone is bigger and more capable. *Remain "The Baby." If youngest of three,often alies with oldest against middle child. *Felt smallest and weakest *Not taken seriously *Boss of family" "A child in good health has a better opportunity to do what? - CORRECT ANSWER Grow with fewer developmental challenges than an unhealthy child." "What happens when a child has a high number of illnesses,accidents,injuries,and diseases? - CORRECT ANSWER They are more likely the child will encounter a developmental delay." "What is health status? - CORRECT ANSWER A critical influence on the growth and development of a child from the pre-natal period through each age and stage." "What factors affect the health of children? - CORRECT ANSWER Socio-economic status,gender, and race." "How does being healthy generally happen? - CORRECT ANSWER When a child eats well,gets a lot of physical activity and exercise,and has a healthy weight." "What healthy behaviors have to be started with young children and continued through adolescence? - CORRECT ANSWER Sufficient rest,exhibiting appropriate emotions,behaviors and response to discipline appropriate for the age,practicing oral hygiene and developing speech and language proficiency." "What happens when a child is healthy? - CORRECT ANSWER His body works well,feels good,and can do all the things he wants to do." "What are several practiceses you can use to assist with overweight children? - CORRECT ANSWER *Don't reward children for good behavior or try to stop bad behavior with treats. *Don't insist that children finish all the food on their plates. *Do provide healthy foods and drinks *Teach the children why these foods and drinks are healthy. *Plan activities that give children numerous opportunities to engage in physical play and exercise. *Sharing information with parents on the healthy eating,as well as the exercise the children are participating in while in child care,could remind them of improvements they could make at home." "What is (FAS)? - CORRECT ANSWER Fetal Alcohol Syndrom. It results in a variety of mental and physical defects that develop inunborn babies when the mother drinks too much alcohol during pregnancy." "What are symptoms of FAS? - CORRECT ANSWER Growth,skeletal,facial,organ and central nervous system abnormalities." "Examples of Possible Physical Disabilities: - CORRECT ANSWER *Difficulty with large muscle motor activities such as climbing stairs,crawling,riding a tricycle. *Frequently walking or bumping into things. *Shows a lack of energy *Difficulty with activities such as building a tower of blocks." "Examples of Possible Visual Problems: - CORRECT ANSWER *Difficulty in seeing distant things clearly. *Holds toys or books very close to eyes *Rubs eyes frequently *Blinking eyes often when doing work" "Examples of possible Hearing Problems: - CORRECT ANSWER *Poor speech,omits sounds,loud voice. *Does not understand directions. *Does not answer when called. *Trouble paying attention in large group activities. *Often gives the wrong answers to the questions. *Avoids playing with other children. *Becomes tires early in day" "Examples of Possible Speech or Language Problems: - CORRECT ANSWER *No speech by age two *Does not use two or three word sentences by age three. *Difficulty understanding after age three. *Stutters after age five *Has poor voice quality *Problems understanding what is said." "Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid with the 5th and last level need is - CORRECT ANSWER Self-Actualzation. Example: Fulfill one's life with purpose and meaning, spirituality, Empathy and compassion." "Eric Erikson's conflicts that relate to "Infant" and example. - CORRECT ANSWER Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1) (I am all right) Trust is developed over time by providing an infant with a consistent, comforting environment with needs met." "Eric Erikson's conflicts that relate to "Toddler" and example. - CORRECT ANSWER Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (1 to 3 years) (I can make decisions) Need to explore their own bodies and environment in order to beome confident about themselves." "Eric Erikson's conflicts that relate to "Preschool" and example. - CORRECT ANSWER Initiative vs Guilt (4 to 5 years) (I can do and I can make) When initiatvie is encouraged, a person experiements within one's environment." "Eric Erikson's conflicts that relate to "Grade School" and example. - CORRECT ANSWER Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years) (I can do it well and be successful) When children experience succes they attain a sense of adequacy and pride." "Jean Piaet: Cognitive Development Name/Age/Example of Stage 1 - CORRECT ANSWER Sensorimotor: 0-2 years *explore their world through senses and motor skills. *trial and error problem solving *child does not know that a physical objects remain in existence even when out of sight." "Jean Piaet: Cognitive Development Name/Age/Example of Stage 2 - CORRECT ANSWER Preoperational: 2-7 years *Preschoolers and early schol-age children learn about their world through their actions *Use symbols to mentally represent objects *Increase in development of language and concepts *Reasoning may be illogical and non sequential * Use egocentric thought process." "Jean Piaet: Cognitive Development Name/Age/Example of Stage 3 - CORRECT ANSWER Concrete-Operational: 7-11 years * Older school-age childreney deal with changes and processes *hey understand how things relate to one another." "Jean Piaet: Cognitive Development Name/Age/Example of Stage 4 - CORRECT ANSWER Formal Operations (11 + years) *Early high-school children learn about their world through constructing and solving problems *They begin to think about thinking *think in abstract terms *make educational quesses." "Vygotsky's theory is - CORRECT ANSWER social and cultural theory of cognitive development focuses on the connections between people and culture in which they interact." "Scaffoldng means - CORRECT ANSWER the adult povides children with he opportunity to extend their curren skills and knowledge." "Reciprocal teaching means - CORRECT ANSWER encourages a conversation between children and the adult. This converstation leads to children going beyond answering questions. It is best understood as a dialogue betwen child care professional and child in which participants take turns taking on the role of teacher." "What are the four stragtegies for Reciprocal teaching? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Generating a question for understanding 2. Clarifying that they ar understanding what they are reading. 3. Stopping to predict from clues what they think will hapen in the learning material 4. Summarizing what they have learned." "How does Nutrition affect child development? - CORRECT ANSWER A child's nutrition (what they eat on regular basis) and any special suplements or medications, influence physical growth, sleep patterns and temperament." "How does Exercise levels affect child development? - CORRECT ANSWER Childcare professionls must plan for exercises that encourage brain and body development; physical activities also allow children to burn of some of their energy. Play also helps cildren actively explore their environment. Regular exercise can help children focus on their learning." "How does Physical and Learning routins affect child development? - CORRECT ANSWER All children need and be provided routines; it gives a sense of security when thy know what is exected and what is happening next. Learning routines need to be well planned to meet the neds of the class and help children enjoy their experiences with learning." "How does promoting social interaction affect child development? - CORRECT ANSWER Promote social interaction among children help children to develop positive pee relationships with guidance or encouragement of cooperative play, pairing children with similar interest. Teaching childen to take turns, shre and politeness. Child care can set up gatherings with parents/family members safely introduce children to adults. Visiting Fire Station, Police Station, Grocery Store and other career interest." "How does social interaction and children with disabilities affect child development? - CORRECT ANSWER Children with disabilities have a potential risk for challenges in social skills and peer interactions. Including them is not sufficient, you can assist all children to develop socially by analysising the nature of the toys or play activity, mixing the children developmentally; teaching eye contact, smiling, turn taking, sharing and teaching typicaly developing peers to initiate and maintain social interactions with students with disabilities." "How heredity influences child development? - CORRECT ANSWER • Heredity is the passing down of genetic characteristics from parents to their children.• Heredity influences a child through the inheritance of physical characteristics and temperament from birth parents at the time of conception. • The influence of heredity exists before the child is conceived. The egg of the mother and the sperm of the father carry genetic materials (genes and chromosomes) that combine to form a unique child.• Genes are the blueprints for cells. They contain all the instructions necessary to create the human body.• Genes are made up of large, complex molecules called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).• A child has a combination of DNA from both his mother and father."