Biology Exam 3: Campbell Biology Questions and
Answers 100% Verified
In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as
pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common? - ✔✔Length,
centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes.
In an experimental situation, a student researcher inserts an mRNA molecule into a eukaryotic cell
after he has removed its 5' cap and poly-A tail. Which of the following would you expect him to find? -
✔✔The molecule is digested by exonucleases since it is no longer protected at the 5' end.
In cattle, roan coat color (mixed red and white hairs) occurs in the heterozygous (Rr) offspring of red
(RR) and white (rr) homozygotes. Which of the following crosses would produce offspring in the ratio
of 1 red:2 roan:1 white? - ✔✔Roan × roan
In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous tall
plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short? - ✔✔0
In DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of
guanine equals the amount of cytosine.-Which of the scientist was responsible for this discovery? -
✔✔Erwin Chargaff
In E. coli, which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand in the 5' → 3' direction? -
✔✔DNA polymerase III
In his transformation experiments, what did Griffith observe? - ✔✔Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic
strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the
pathogenic form.
In humans, ABO blood types refer to glycoproteins in the membranes of red blood cells. There are
three alleles for this autosomal gene: IA, IB, and i. The IA allele codes for the A glycoprotein, The IB
allele codes for the B glycoprotein, and the i allele doesn't code for any membrane glycoprotein. IA
and IB are codominant, and i is recessive to both IA and IB. People with type A blood have the
genotypes IAIA or IAi, people with type B blood are IBIB or IBi, people with type AB blood are IAIB,
and people with type O blood are ii. If a woman with type AB blood marries a man with type O blood,
which of the following blood types could their children possibly have? - ✔✔A and B
In humans, clear gender differentiation occurs, not at fertilization, but after the second month of
gestation. What is the first event of this differentiation? - ✔✔Activation of SRY in male embryos and
masculinization of the gonads.
In the polymerization of DNA, a phosphodiester bond is formed between a phosphate group of the
nucleotide being added and _________ of the last nucleotide in the polymer. - ✔✔the 3' OH
In the process of transcription, __________. - ✔✔RNA is synthesized
Individuals with the disorder xeroderma pigmentosum are hypersensitive to sunlight. This occurs
because their cells are impaired in what way? - ✔✔They cannot repair thymine dimers.
Males are more often affected by sex-linked traits than females because: - ✔✔Males are hemizygous
for the X chromosome.
Marfan syndrome in humans is caused by an abnormality of the connective tissue protein fibrillin.
Patients are usually very tall and thin, with long spindly fingers, curvature of the spine, sometimes
, weakened arterial walls, and sometimes ocular problems, such as lens dislocation. Which of the
following would you conclude about Marfan syndrome from this information? - ✔✔It is pleiotropic.
Mendel's second law of independent assortment has its basis in which of the following events of
meiosis I? - ✔✔Alignment of tetrads at the equator
Once researchers identified DNA as the unit of inheritance, they asked how information was
transferred from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. What is the
mechanism of information transfer in eukaryotes? - ✔✔Messenger RNA is transcribed from a single
gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where protein
synthesis takes place.
One possible result of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a nonhomologous
chromosome. What is this alteration called? - ✔✔Translocation
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a recessive human disorder in which an individual cannot appropriately
metabolize a particular amino acid. The amino acid is not otherwise produced by humans. Therefore,
the most efficient and effective treatment is which of the following? - ✔✔Regulate the diet of the
affected persons to severely limit the uptake of the amino acid.
Post-translational modifications of proteins may include the _____. - ✔✔addition of carbohydrates
to form a glycoprotein
Recombination between linked genes comes about for what reason? - ✔✔Crossovers between these
genes result in chromosomal exchange.
Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait in humans. Two people with normal color
vision have a color-blind son. What are the genotypes of the parents? - ✔✔XRXr and XRY
Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the following reasons? -
✔✔Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes
have many.
Researchers found E. coli that had mutation rates one hundred times higher than normal. Which of
the following is the most likely cause of these results? - ✔✔The proofreading mechanism of DNA
polymerase was not working properly
SRY is best described in which of the following ways? - ✔✔A gene region present on the Y
chromosome that triggers male development.
The first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes is - ✔✔the small subunit of the ribosome
recognizes and attaches to the cap of mRNA.
The following is a map of four genes on a chromosome.
Between which two genes in Figure 15.1 would you expect the highest frequency of recombination? -
✔✔A and G
The following question refers to the pedigree chart in Figure 14.2 for a family, some of whose
members exhibit the dominant trait, W. Affected individuals are indicated by a dark square or circle.
What is the likelihood that the progeny of IV-3 and IV-4 will have the trait? - ✔✔50%
The following question refers to the pedigree chart in Figure 14.2 for a family, some of whose
members exhibit the dominant trait, W. Affected individuals are indicated by a dark square or circle.
What is the probability that individual III-1 is Ww? - ✔✔1
The following question refers to this table of codons.
What amino acid sequence will be generated based on the following mRNA codon sequence?
Answers 100% Verified
In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as
pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common? - ✔✔Length,
centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes.
In an experimental situation, a student researcher inserts an mRNA molecule into a eukaryotic cell
after he has removed its 5' cap and poly-A tail. Which of the following would you expect him to find? -
✔✔The molecule is digested by exonucleases since it is no longer protected at the 5' end.
In cattle, roan coat color (mixed red and white hairs) occurs in the heterozygous (Rr) offspring of red
(RR) and white (rr) homozygotes. Which of the following crosses would produce offspring in the ratio
of 1 red:2 roan:1 white? - ✔✔Roan × roan
In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous tall
plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short? - ✔✔0
In DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of
guanine equals the amount of cytosine.-Which of the scientist was responsible for this discovery? -
✔✔Erwin Chargaff
In E. coli, which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand in the 5' → 3' direction? -
✔✔DNA polymerase III
In his transformation experiments, what did Griffith observe? - ✔✔Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic
strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the
pathogenic form.
In humans, ABO blood types refer to glycoproteins in the membranes of red blood cells. There are
three alleles for this autosomal gene: IA, IB, and i. The IA allele codes for the A glycoprotein, The IB
allele codes for the B glycoprotein, and the i allele doesn't code for any membrane glycoprotein. IA
and IB are codominant, and i is recessive to both IA and IB. People with type A blood have the
genotypes IAIA or IAi, people with type B blood are IBIB or IBi, people with type AB blood are IAIB,
and people with type O blood are ii. If a woman with type AB blood marries a man with type O blood,
which of the following blood types could their children possibly have? - ✔✔A and B
In humans, clear gender differentiation occurs, not at fertilization, but after the second month of
gestation. What is the first event of this differentiation? - ✔✔Activation of SRY in male embryos and
masculinization of the gonads.
In the polymerization of DNA, a phosphodiester bond is formed between a phosphate group of the
nucleotide being added and _________ of the last nucleotide in the polymer. - ✔✔the 3' OH
In the process of transcription, __________. - ✔✔RNA is synthesized
Individuals with the disorder xeroderma pigmentosum are hypersensitive to sunlight. This occurs
because their cells are impaired in what way? - ✔✔They cannot repair thymine dimers.
Males are more often affected by sex-linked traits than females because: - ✔✔Males are hemizygous
for the X chromosome.
Marfan syndrome in humans is caused by an abnormality of the connective tissue protein fibrillin.
Patients are usually very tall and thin, with long spindly fingers, curvature of the spine, sometimes
, weakened arterial walls, and sometimes ocular problems, such as lens dislocation. Which of the
following would you conclude about Marfan syndrome from this information? - ✔✔It is pleiotropic.
Mendel's second law of independent assortment has its basis in which of the following events of
meiosis I? - ✔✔Alignment of tetrads at the equator
Once researchers identified DNA as the unit of inheritance, they asked how information was
transferred from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. What is the
mechanism of information transfer in eukaryotes? - ✔✔Messenger RNA is transcribed from a single
gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where protein
synthesis takes place.
One possible result of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a nonhomologous
chromosome. What is this alteration called? - ✔✔Translocation
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a recessive human disorder in which an individual cannot appropriately
metabolize a particular amino acid. The amino acid is not otherwise produced by humans. Therefore,
the most efficient and effective treatment is which of the following? - ✔✔Regulate the diet of the
affected persons to severely limit the uptake of the amino acid.
Post-translational modifications of proteins may include the _____. - ✔✔addition of carbohydrates
to form a glycoprotein
Recombination between linked genes comes about for what reason? - ✔✔Crossovers between these
genes result in chromosomal exchange.
Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait in humans. Two people with normal color
vision have a color-blind son. What are the genotypes of the parents? - ✔✔XRXr and XRY
Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the following reasons? -
✔✔Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes
have many.
Researchers found E. coli that had mutation rates one hundred times higher than normal. Which of
the following is the most likely cause of these results? - ✔✔The proofreading mechanism of DNA
polymerase was not working properly
SRY is best described in which of the following ways? - ✔✔A gene region present on the Y
chromosome that triggers male development.
The first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes is - ✔✔the small subunit of the ribosome
recognizes and attaches to the cap of mRNA.
The following is a map of four genes on a chromosome.
Between which two genes in Figure 15.1 would you expect the highest frequency of recombination? -
✔✔A and G
The following question refers to the pedigree chart in Figure 14.2 for a family, some of whose
members exhibit the dominant trait, W. Affected individuals are indicated by a dark square or circle.
What is the likelihood that the progeny of IV-3 and IV-4 will have the trait? - ✔✔50%
The following question refers to the pedigree chart in Figure 14.2 for a family, some of whose
members exhibit the dominant trait, W. Affected individuals are indicated by a dark square or circle.
What is the probability that individual III-1 is Ww? - ✔✔1
The following question refers to this table of codons.
What amino acid sequence will be generated based on the following mRNA codon sequence?
