NSG 533 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
Anemia can contribute to: - ANS coronary ischemia
Composition of blood - ANS 5.5L total. 50-55% = plasma; 90% water
Erythropoesis is stimulated by... - ANS erythropoetin
Hemoglobin A - ANS the majority of adult hemoglobin. 97% of circulating hemoglobin. 2
alpha and 2 beta chains.
HbA2 - ANS minor adult hemoglobin. 2-3% of circulating hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2 delta
chains.
Hemoglobin F - ANS Fetal hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains. Has a greater affinity for
and more regularly binds O2.
Anemia - ANS a decrease in circulating red blood cells in the body, as reflected by a reduction
in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and/or RBCs. Less than 14 in men and less than 12 in women.
Normal RBC - ANS 4.5-6
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Normal Hemoglobin - ANS >13 in men, >12 in women.
Normal HCT - ANS 40-50in men; 35-45 in women. usually 3x the hemoglobin count.
Reticulocyte count - ANS Low (<0.5%) High (>2%) if high, bone marrow is trying to
compensate for loss in hgb or red cells. problem exists outside of the bome marrow
MCV (mean corpuscular volume) - ANS description of the volume of an RBC. NOT
DIAGNOSTIC
RDW (red cell distribution width) - ANS 11.5-15 %; index of variation in RBC size and shape.
Indicates evolving macro/microcytic anemia.
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) - ANS commonly used: 27 - 31 pg/ cell
Amount of hemoglobin per RBC
Microcytic anemia - ANS Iron deficiency, thalassemia, inflammation. low MCV <80. Low
reticulocyte count. Underproduction.
macrocytic anemia - ANS Underproduction. B12 deficiency, Folic Acid Deficiency,
Antimetabolite drugs. MCV > 100; low reticulocyte count
Normocytic Anemia - ANS MCV 80-100; low reticulocyte count; ex: dilutional/iatrogenic
secondary to phlebotomy.
Folate Deficiency Anemia - ANS Macrocytic anemia; poor intake; low retic, elevate
MCV/MCH, thrombocytopenia ad neutropenia, elevated homocysteine; low RBC folate. Eat
orange fruits! Never treat folate deficiency without testing for B12 deficiency - can worsen
neurological symptoms specific to B12 deficiency
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
CORRECT ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
Anemia can contribute to: - ANS coronary ischemia
Composition of blood - ANS 5.5L total. 50-55% = plasma; 90% water
Erythropoesis is stimulated by... - ANS erythropoetin
Hemoglobin A - ANS the majority of adult hemoglobin. 97% of circulating hemoglobin. 2
alpha and 2 beta chains.
HbA2 - ANS minor adult hemoglobin. 2-3% of circulating hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2 delta
chains.
Hemoglobin F - ANS Fetal hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains. Has a greater affinity for
and more regularly binds O2.
Anemia - ANS a decrease in circulating red blood cells in the body, as reflected by a reduction
in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and/or RBCs. Less than 14 in men and less than 12 in women.
Normal RBC - ANS 4.5-6
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Normal Hemoglobin - ANS >13 in men, >12 in women.
Normal HCT - ANS 40-50in men; 35-45 in women. usually 3x the hemoglobin count.
Reticulocyte count - ANS Low (<0.5%) High (>2%) if high, bone marrow is trying to
compensate for loss in hgb or red cells. problem exists outside of the bome marrow
MCV (mean corpuscular volume) - ANS description of the volume of an RBC. NOT
DIAGNOSTIC
RDW (red cell distribution width) - ANS 11.5-15 %; index of variation in RBC size and shape.
Indicates evolving macro/microcytic anemia.
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) - ANS commonly used: 27 - 31 pg/ cell
Amount of hemoglobin per RBC
Microcytic anemia - ANS Iron deficiency, thalassemia, inflammation. low MCV <80. Low
reticulocyte count. Underproduction.
macrocytic anemia - ANS Underproduction. B12 deficiency, Folic Acid Deficiency,
Antimetabolite drugs. MCV > 100; low reticulocyte count
Normocytic Anemia - ANS MCV 80-100; low reticulocyte count; ex: dilutional/iatrogenic
secondary to phlebotomy.
Folate Deficiency Anemia - ANS Macrocytic anemia; poor intake; low retic, elevate
MCV/MCH, thrombocytopenia ad neutropenia, elevated homocysteine; low RBC folate. Eat
orange fruits! Never treat folate deficiency without testing for B12 deficiency - can worsen
neurological symptoms specific to B12 deficiency
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
