NSC 114 EXAM #2 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
Critical analysis - ANS is the application of a set of questions to a particular situation or idea
to determine essential information and ideas and discard unimportant information and ideas.
Socratic questioning - ANS a technique one can use to look beneath the surface, recognize
and examine assumptions, search for inconsistencies, examine multiple points of view, and
differentiate what one knows from what one merely believes
Nurses should employ Socratic questioning when reporting about a client's condition and
current status, reviewing a client's history and progress notes, and planning care.
How do you know?
What effect would that have?
What are the alternatives?
What would change your mind?
inductive reasoning - ANS generalizations are formed from a set of facts or observations
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,deductive reasoning - ANS reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general
principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning;
therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)
Different types of statements - ANS FACTS:
Can be verified through investigation
(blood pressure is affected by blood volume)
INFERENCES:
Conclusions drawn from the facts; going beyond facts to make a statement about something not
currently known.
(If blood volume is decreased the blood pressure will drop)
JUDGEMENTS:
Evaluation of facts or information that reflects values or other criteria; a type of opinion
(it is harmful to the client's health if the blood pressure drops too low)
OPINIONS:
beliefs formed over time; include judgements that may fit facts or be erroneous
(nursing interventions can assist in maintaining the client's blood pressure within normal limits)
Nursing Process - ANS is the method nurses use to plan and deliver nursing care
is a systematic, rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care. it begins
with assessment of the client and sue of clinical reasoning to identify client problems.
problem solving - ANS * mental activity in which a problem is identified that represents an
unsteady state.
* it requires the nurse to obtain information that clarifies the nature of the problem and suggest
possible solutions
* the nurse carefully evaluates the possible solutions and chooses the best one to implement.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, * the situation is carefully monitored over time to ensure that its initial and continued
effectiveness returns the client to a steady state.
trial and error - ANS * a number of approaches are tried until a solution is found
* this method used in nursing can be dangerous because the client might suffer harm if an
approach is inappropriate.
* more common in a home setting due to equipment and lifestyle.
* ex. when teaching a client to perform a colostomy irrigation, a bent coat hanger hung on the
shower curtain rod provides an appropriate height to perform the irrigation. in the hospital
setting a lowered IV pole is more likely utilized.
intuition - ANS * problem solving approach that relies on a nurse's inner sense.
* legitimate aspect of a nursing judgement in the implementation of care.
* understanding or learning of things without the conscious use of reasoning.
* it is also known as a 6th sense, feeling, instinct, or suspicion.
clinical judgement - ANS * A decision making process to ascertain the right nursing action to
be implemented at the appropriate time in the client's care
* experience is important in improving intuition because the rapidity of the judgement depends
on the nurse having seen similar client situations many times before.
research process - ANS * formalized, logical, systematic approach to problem solving
* it is becoming increasingly important for nurses to identify evidence that supports effective
nursing care.
cognitive process - ANS * is the thinking processes based on the knowledge of aspects of
client care.
* cognitive skills are learned through reading and applying health-related literature.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
CORRECT ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
Critical analysis - ANS is the application of a set of questions to a particular situation or idea
to determine essential information and ideas and discard unimportant information and ideas.
Socratic questioning - ANS a technique one can use to look beneath the surface, recognize
and examine assumptions, search for inconsistencies, examine multiple points of view, and
differentiate what one knows from what one merely believes
Nurses should employ Socratic questioning when reporting about a client's condition and
current status, reviewing a client's history and progress notes, and planning care.
How do you know?
What effect would that have?
What are the alternatives?
What would change your mind?
inductive reasoning - ANS generalizations are formed from a set of facts or observations
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,deductive reasoning - ANS reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general
principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning;
therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)
Different types of statements - ANS FACTS:
Can be verified through investigation
(blood pressure is affected by blood volume)
INFERENCES:
Conclusions drawn from the facts; going beyond facts to make a statement about something not
currently known.
(If blood volume is decreased the blood pressure will drop)
JUDGEMENTS:
Evaluation of facts or information that reflects values or other criteria; a type of opinion
(it is harmful to the client's health if the blood pressure drops too low)
OPINIONS:
beliefs formed over time; include judgements that may fit facts or be erroneous
(nursing interventions can assist in maintaining the client's blood pressure within normal limits)
Nursing Process - ANS is the method nurses use to plan and deliver nursing care
is a systematic, rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care. it begins
with assessment of the client and sue of clinical reasoning to identify client problems.
problem solving - ANS * mental activity in which a problem is identified that represents an
unsteady state.
* it requires the nurse to obtain information that clarifies the nature of the problem and suggest
possible solutions
* the nurse carefully evaluates the possible solutions and chooses the best one to implement.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, * the situation is carefully monitored over time to ensure that its initial and continued
effectiveness returns the client to a steady state.
trial and error - ANS * a number of approaches are tried until a solution is found
* this method used in nursing can be dangerous because the client might suffer harm if an
approach is inappropriate.
* more common in a home setting due to equipment and lifestyle.
* ex. when teaching a client to perform a colostomy irrigation, a bent coat hanger hung on the
shower curtain rod provides an appropriate height to perform the irrigation. in the hospital
setting a lowered IV pole is more likely utilized.
intuition - ANS * problem solving approach that relies on a nurse's inner sense.
* legitimate aspect of a nursing judgement in the implementation of care.
* understanding or learning of things without the conscious use of reasoning.
* it is also known as a 6th sense, feeling, instinct, or suspicion.
clinical judgement - ANS * A decision making process to ascertain the right nursing action to
be implemented at the appropriate time in the client's care
* experience is important in improving intuition because the rapidity of the judgement depends
on the nurse having seen similar client situations many times before.
research process - ANS * formalized, logical, systematic approach to problem solving
* it is becoming increasingly important for nurses to identify evidence that supports effective
nursing care.
cognitive process - ANS * is the thinking processes based on the knowledge of aspects of
client care.
* cognitive skills are learned through reading and applying health-related literature.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
