Advanced Pharmacology of Controlled Substances – Comprehensive Questions & Answers (2026)

Advanced Pharmacology of Controlled
Substances – Comprehensive Questions &
Answers (2026)




simple partial seizure - correct answerno loss of consciousness
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Patient may experience discrete motor symptoms (i.e., twitching of thumb), sensory symptoms (e.g., local
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numbness; auditory, visual, or olfactory hallucinations), autonomic symptoms (nausea, flushing, salivation,
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urinary incontinence), or psychoillusory symptoms (feelings of unreality, fear, or depression).
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Sz persist for 20 to 90 seconds
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complex partial seizure - correct answerSz is characterized by impaired consciousness and lack of
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responsiveness. e




At Sz onset, pt becomes motionless and stares with a fixed gaze. This state is followed by a period of
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automatism, in which the pt performs repetitive, purposeless movements, such as lip smaking or hand
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wringing. Sz last 45 to 90 seconds
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, Secondarily generalized seizures - correct answersimple or complex partial seizures evolving to a generalized
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seizure



Generalized seizures - correct answerMay be convulsive or nonconvulsive. As a rule, they produce immediate
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loss of consciousness.
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tonic-clonic seizure - correct answerNeuronal discharge spread throughout both hemispheres.
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Sz manifest as major convulsions, characterized by a period of muscle rigidity (tonic phase) followed by
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synchronous muscle jerks (clonic phase). e e e e e




Are accompanied by marked impairment of consciousness and are followed by a period of CNS depression,
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referred to as the postictal state. The sz itself typically lasts 90 seconds or less.
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Absence seizures (petit mal) - correct answer10 to 30 sec loss of consciousness with eyelid fluttering, abruptly
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stop activity e




Pt may experience hundreds of absence attacks a day.
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Occur primarily in children and usually cease during the early teen years.
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Atonic seizure (drop attack) - correct answergeneralized seizure characterized by sudden loss of muscle tone
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and strength; may cause the head to drop suddenly, objects to fall from the hands, or the legs to lose strength,
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with falling and potential injury
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typically seen in children e e e




myoclonic seizure - correct answersudden jerk of the body or extremities lasts for just 1 second
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status epilepticus - correct answera seizure that persists for 15-30 minutes or longer or a series of recurrent
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seizures during which the pt does not regain consciousness.
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