HONDROS BIO 117 EXAM
2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What muscles cause flexion of the leg? - Answer- Biceps femoris, semitendonitis,
semimembranousis
What muscles cause adduction of the arm? - Answer- Latissimus dorsi and pectoralis
major
What muscles cause dorsiflexion? - Answer- Tibialis Anterior
What muscles cause plantarflexion? - Answer- Gastrocnemius and soleus
Yesterday, my body was functioning normally. Today I am cold with a decreased heart
rate and I noticed that I am gaining weight. I went to the doctor and he ran some blood
tests. He also told me that my blood calcium and blood sugar levels were very low.
What glands am I having a problem with and what hormones are coming from these
glands? - Answer- Thyroid gland = T3 and T4
Thyroid gland = Calcitonin
Pancreas = insulin
Which hormones have the ability to raise blood glucose levels and what glands do these
hormones come from? (more than 2) - Answer- Glucagon = pancreas
Growth hormone = anterior pituitary
Cortisol = Adrenal Cortex
Which hormone would suppress your immune system? (all of the steroid hormones we
have talked about) - Answer- Cortisol
Steroid hormones = cortisol, aldosterone, androgens, testosterone, estrogen
What is the "Triple S" mnemonic?
What does it tell us? - Answer- Sugar Salt Sex
tells us the hormones of the adrenal cortex
What is the "FLAT PiG" mnemonic?
What does it tell us? - Answer- FLAT PiG
tells us that the hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland
, Which endocrine gland is DIRECTLY connected to the hypothalamus? What does it
secrete? - Answer- Posterior pituitary
Oxytocin and ADH
What does the hypothalamus secrete?
Where do these hormones go? - Answer- Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones
Activate and deactivate the Anterior pituitary gland
What is atrophy? - Answer- Not using muscle, losing it
What is hypertrophy? - Answer- Using muscle, increasing its size
Starting with a stimulus and ending with an effector (muscle or gland), what is the
pathway of information? - Answer- Stimulus>Sensory Receptor>Sensory
Neuron>Interneuron>Motor Neuron>Effector
Describe what Electrical-Chemical-Electrical means: - Answer- Electrical signal is when
sodium rushes into the cell to depolarize. This depolarization travels down the axon to
the terminal to trigger the chemical. The chemical is the neurotransmitter released from
the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another neuron. Then we have electrical
signaling again.
What is myelin and why do we have it? - Answer- Myelin is a lipid that surrounds axons,
this insulates the axon and also makes signals travel faster
Are spinal nerves apart of the Central Nervous System? - Answer- No
Are cranial nerves apart of the Central Nervous System? - Answer- No
What is happening during resting potential? - Answer- Sodium outside the cell
What is happening during depolarization? - Answer- Sodium rushing in
What is happening during repolarization? - Answer- Potassium and sodium leaving
What 2 neurotransmitters are we concerned about for this class? What neurons secrete
these (be specific)? How are they degraded? - Answer- Acetylcholine (motor and
parasympathetic, degraded by enzyme)
Norepinephrine (sympathetic, reuptake, and degraded)
List out the 4 parts of the brain and what makes up those parts? - Answer- Temporal,
Parietal, Frontal, Occipital
What does the temporal lobe do? - Answer- Hearing and smelling
What does the parietal lobe do? - Answer- Somatosensory
2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What muscles cause flexion of the leg? - Answer- Biceps femoris, semitendonitis,
semimembranousis
What muscles cause adduction of the arm? - Answer- Latissimus dorsi and pectoralis
major
What muscles cause dorsiflexion? - Answer- Tibialis Anterior
What muscles cause plantarflexion? - Answer- Gastrocnemius and soleus
Yesterday, my body was functioning normally. Today I am cold with a decreased heart
rate and I noticed that I am gaining weight. I went to the doctor and he ran some blood
tests. He also told me that my blood calcium and blood sugar levels were very low.
What glands am I having a problem with and what hormones are coming from these
glands? - Answer- Thyroid gland = T3 and T4
Thyroid gland = Calcitonin
Pancreas = insulin
Which hormones have the ability to raise blood glucose levels and what glands do these
hormones come from? (more than 2) - Answer- Glucagon = pancreas
Growth hormone = anterior pituitary
Cortisol = Adrenal Cortex
Which hormone would suppress your immune system? (all of the steroid hormones we
have talked about) - Answer- Cortisol
Steroid hormones = cortisol, aldosterone, androgens, testosterone, estrogen
What is the "Triple S" mnemonic?
What does it tell us? - Answer- Sugar Salt Sex
tells us the hormones of the adrenal cortex
What is the "FLAT PiG" mnemonic?
What does it tell us? - Answer- FLAT PiG
tells us that the hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland
, Which endocrine gland is DIRECTLY connected to the hypothalamus? What does it
secrete? - Answer- Posterior pituitary
Oxytocin and ADH
What does the hypothalamus secrete?
Where do these hormones go? - Answer- Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones
Activate and deactivate the Anterior pituitary gland
What is atrophy? - Answer- Not using muscle, losing it
What is hypertrophy? - Answer- Using muscle, increasing its size
Starting with a stimulus and ending with an effector (muscle or gland), what is the
pathway of information? - Answer- Stimulus>Sensory Receptor>Sensory
Neuron>Interneuron>Motor Neuron>Effector
Describe what Electrical-Chemical-Electrical means: - Answer- Electrical signal is when
sodium rushes into the cell to depolarize. This depolarization travels down the axon to
the terminal to trigger the chemical. The chemical is the neurotransmitter released from
the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another neuron. Then we have electrical
signaling again.
What is myelin and why do we have it? - Answer- Myelin is a lipid that surrounds axons,
this insulates the axon and also makes signals travel faster
Are spinal nerves apart of the Central Nervous System? - Answer- No
Are cranial nerves apart of the Central Nervous System? - Answer- No
What is happening during resting potential? - Answer- Sodium outside the cell
What is happening during depolarization? - Answer- Sodium rushing in
What is happening during repolarization? - Answer- Potassium and sodium leaving
What 2 neurotransmitters are we concerned about for this class? What neurons secrete
these (be specific)? How are they degraded? - Answer- Acetylcholine (motor and
parasympathetic, degraded by enzyme)
Norepinephrine (sympathetic, reuptake, and degraded)
List out the 4 parts of the brain and what makes up those parts? - Answer- Temporal,
Parietal, Frontal, Occipital
What does the temporal lobe do? - Answer- Hearing and smelling
What does the parietal lobe do? - Answer- Somatosensory
