COMSAE 110 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS UPDATED 2025–2026 WITH ALL NEW QUESTIONS
AND EXACTLY RIGHT ANSWERS | A+ QUALITY GUARANTEE
passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery
1. patent ductus arterio-
remains open (patent) after birth. continous machine like mur- mur at the left
sus (PDA)
sternal border due to congenital rubella or prematurity, cyanosis of LE not UE,
blood flows from the aorta to the pulmonary artery which causes extra blood in
the lungs
2. coronary AV fistula abnormal connection between a coronary artery and a heart chamber
or great vessel, bypassing the myocardial capillary bed. No cyanosis. Doesn't ca
ditterential cyanosis
Doesn't typically present with cyanosis at all in neonates Murmur isn't
typically at the left upper sternal border
3. pulmonary stenosis Pulmonary stenosis: obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle to the
with VSD lungs
VSD: hole between the ventricles and this causes generalized cyanosis
4. Tetralogy of Fallot caused anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum and
most common cause of early childhood cyanosis:
1. pulmonary infundibular stenosis
2. right ventricular hypertrophy
3. overriding aorta
4. VSD
5. Transposition of the Congenital heart malformation where the aorta arises from the right ventricle
Great Arteries and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and not compatible with
(TGA) life unless a shunt is present to allow mixing of blood and due to the
aorticopulmonary septum to spiral. cyanosis of the entire body
6. Systolic murmurs PASS and MR MVP pulmonary and aortic stenosis, Mitral regurg, tricul-
spid regurg and VSD
7. Diastolic Murmurs
, 2|Page
ARMS Aortic regurg, Mitral stenosis, tricuspid stenosis and pulmonioc regurg
8. Achlasia failure of the Lower esophaeal sphincter to relax due to the degen- eration
if inhibitor neurons in the myenteric plexus(auerbach) of the esophaegeal
wall can be caused by chagas diseaase Birds Beak!!!
9. Barrets esophagus specialized intestinal metaplasia replacement of nonkeratinized straifid
squamous epithelium with intestinal epithelium which is columnar non ciliated
with goblet cells in the distal esophagus due to chronic GERD and associated
with increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma
10. reflux esophagitis inflammation of the esophagus caused by backward flow of stomach acid
into the esophagus
11. Medicine induced bisphosphonates, tetracycllines, NSAIDs, ferrous sulfatem and potassi- um
esophagitis chloride
12. Infectious esophagitis candida, HSV-linear ulcers,CMV
13. Scleroderma chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hard-
ening and shrinking of connective tissue
14. Werdnig Hoffman Syn- aka spinal muscular atrophy and this will cause bilateral proximal muscle
drome weakness with symmetric flaccid paralysis due to destruction of the anterior
horn cells
15. lesion of the posterior - Unilateral motor impairment
limb of internal capsule - No sensory or cortical deficits
- No visual field abnormalities Attects face, arm, and leg on one side — not
isolated proximal leg weakness
16. eclampsia
, 3|Page
preclampsia with seizures and death due to stroke, intracranial hemor- rhage,
ards and treat with IV magneisum sulfate antihypertensives and intermediate
delivry
17. HELLP syndrome preeclampsia with thrombotic microangiopathy of the liver and causes
hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets and could occur in the absence
of Htn and proteinuria and blood smear shows schistocytes and can lead to
subscapular hemorrhage
18. Epidermophyton floc- Thick, flaky, itchy nail with pencil-shaped macroconidia
cosum
19. A 15-year-old boy pre- Comedones filled with sebum and keratin
sents with acne and
white papules on the
face. Histology would
most likely show?
20. Histologic finding seen Deposits of complement at the dermoepidermal junction
in lupus (interface der-
matitis)?
21. Histologic finding seen Epidermal hyperplasia and koilocytes
in HPV-related skin
warts?
22. Histologic finding seen Munro microabscesses (neutrophils in the stratum corneum)
in psoriasis?
Neutrophilic inflammation centered around hair follicles
23. Histologic finding seen
in bacterial folliculitis?
24. Inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by binding hydroxyap- atite
in bone
AND EXACTLY RIGHT ANSWERS | A+ QUALITY GUARANTEE
passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery
1. patent ductus arterio-
remains open (patent) after birth. continous machine like mur- mur at the left
sus (PDA)
sternal border due to congenital rubella or prematurity, cyanosis of LE not UE,
blood flows from the aorta to the pulmonary artery which causes extra blood in
the lungs
2. coronary AV fistula abnormal connection between a coronary artery and a heart chamber
or great vessel, bypassing the myocardial capillary bed. No cyanosis. Doesn't ca
ditterential cyanosis
Doesn't typically present with cyanosis at all in neonates Murmur isn't
typically at the left upper sternal border
3. pulmonary stenosis Pulmonary stenosis: obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle to the
with VSD lungs
VSD: hole between the ventricles and this causes generalized cyanosis
4. Tetralogy of Fallot caused anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum and
most common cause of early childhood cyanosis:
1. pulmonary infundibular stenosis
2. right ventricular hypertrophy
3. overriding aorta
4. VSD
5. Transposition of the Congenital heart malformation where the aorta arises from the right ventricle
Great Arteries and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and not compatible with
(TGA) life unless a shunt is present to allow mixing of blood and due to the
aorticopulmonary septum to spiral. cyanosis of the entire body
6. Systolic murmurs PASS and MR MVP pulmonary and aortic stenosis, Mitral regurg, tricul-
spid regurg and VSD
7. Diastolic Murmurs
, 2|Page
ARMS Aortic regurg, Mitral stenosis, tricuspid stenosis and pulmonioc regurg
8. Achlasia failure of the Lower esophaeal sphincter to relax due to the degen- eration
if inhibitor neurons in the myenteric plexus(auerbach) of the esophaegeal
wall can be caused by chagas diseaase Birds Beak!!!
9. Barrets esophagus specialized intestinal metaplasia replacement of nonkeratinized straifid
squamous epithelium with intestinal epithelium which is columnar non ciliated
with goblet cells in the distal esophagus due to chronic GERD and associated
with increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma
10. reflux esophagitis inflammation of the esophagus caused by backward flow of stomach acid
into the esophagus
11. Medicine induced bisphosphonates, tetracycllines, NSAIDs, ferrous sulfatem and potassi- um
esophagitis chloride
12. Infectious esophagitis candida, HSV-linear ulcers,CMV
13. Scleroderma chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hard-
ening and shrinking of connective tissue
14. Werdnig Hoffman Syn- aka spinal muscular atrophy and this will cause bilateral proximal muscle
drome weakness with symmetric flaccid paralysis due to destruction of the anterior
horn cells
15. lesion of the posterior - Unilateral motor impairment
limb of internal capsule - No sensory or cortical deficits
- No visual field abnormalities Attects face, arm, and leg on one side — not
isolated proximal leg weakness
16. eclampsia
, 3|Page
preclampsia with seizures and death due to stroke, intracranial hemor- rhage,
ards and treat with IV magneisum sulfate antihypertensives and intermediate
delivry
17. HELLP syndrome preeclampsia with thrombotic microangiopathy of the liver and causes
hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets and could occur in the absence
of Htn and proteinuria and blood smear shows schistocytes and can lead to
subscapular hemorrhage
18. Epidermophyton floc- Thick, flaky, itchy nail with pencil-shaped macroconidia
cosum
19. A 15-year-old boy pre- Comedones filled with sebum and keratin
sents with acne and
white papules on the
face. Histology would
most likely show?
20. Histologic finding seen Deposits of complement at the dermoepidermal junction
in lupus (interface der-
matitis)?
21. Histologic finding seen Epidermal hyperplasia and koilocytes
in HPV-related skin
warts?
22. Histologic finding seen Munro microabscesses (neutrophils in the stratum corneum)
in psoriasis?
Neutrophilic inflammation centered around hair follicles
23. Histologic finding seen
in bacterial folliculitis?
24. Inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by binding hydroxyap- atite
in bone
